
Book.JT3L 



Copyright}l __ 



COECUGIIT DKPOS1R 



PLUMBING 

Questions With Answers 

ON THE 

New York City Rules and Regulations 

AND 

USEFUL INFORMATION 

FOR 

PLUMBERS 
ARCHITECTS 
ESTIMATORS 
MASTERS 
INSPECTORS 
DRAFTSMEN 

BY 

JOSEPH E. TAGGART, S.E. 



-I C* 



-r 






Copyright, 1922, by 
Joseph E. Taggart 



Published by 
TAGGART PUBLISHING CO. 

137 Nagle Avenue 
New York, N. Y. 

Printed in the United States 



)C1A600848 






PREFACE 

The following pages have been prepared in response 
to many requests for interpretations of the plumbing 
code. 

Realizing the importance of strict compliance with 
sanitary regulations, the author has endeavored to set 
forth all information essential to such compliance in a 
form instructive and convenient. 

Many years of effort and experiment have gone into 
building the Plumbing Code of New York City to its 
high level of standards, until to-day it stands as a model 
for sanitary rules and regulations not excelled in any 
city in the world. 

Jos. E. Taggart, 



Member of the American Society of Sanitary Engineers, 
past member of the U. A. Journeymen Plumbers and Master 
Plumbers of New York City, teacher of plumbing and sani- 
tary engineering in the Murray Hill Evening Trade School, 
New York City, formerly teacher of plan reading and esti- 
mating in the College of the City of New York, and chief 
estimator for the Department of Water Supply, Gas and 
Electricity in the City of New York. At present teacher of 
plumbing in Junior High School 64, Manhattan. 



BOOKS NOW IN PREPARATION 

BY 

THE AUTHOR 

PLAN READING FOR PLUMBERS 

MATHEMATICS FOR PLUMBERS 

PLUMBING- 
INSTALLATION AND OPERATION 



CONTENTS 

Requirements of Examining Board 1 

Filing of Drawings, Descriptions, Etc 4 

Definitions and Terms . . • • 12 

Materials and Workmanship 13 

General Regulations 19 

Yard, Area and Other Drains 24 

Leaders 28 

House Sewer, House Drain, House Trap and 

Fresh Air Inlet 29 

Soil and Waste Lines 33 

Vent Pipes 35 

Traps • • 39 

Safe and Refrigerator Wastes 46 

Water Closets, Sinks and Washtubs 48 

Water Supply for Fixtures 54 

Acid Wastes 58 

Sewage Lifts 61 

Oil Separators 63 

Testing Plumbing System 65 

Modifications 65 

Tenement House Plumbing 66 

Gas Piping and Fixtures 67 

Anti-Syphon Traps 72 

Departmental Offices and Their Locations ........ 81 

Measures of Weight, Capacity and Area 82 

Mensuration of Surfaces and Volumes 83 

Area of Circles 84 

Circumference of Circles 85 

Miscellaneous Tables 86 

Loss of Friction of Water Pipes 87 

Loss of Pressure 88 

Velocity of Flow of Water 88 

VII 



Plumbing Questions 
with Answers 

REQUIREMENTS OF EXAMINING BOARD 

Q. — What are the requirements before a plumber may 
engage in business as a master or contractor? 

A. — He must first appear before the Examining Board 
of Plumbers and furnish to the Board such information 
as may be required. Each applicant shall furnish two 
vouchers, who shall appear before the Board and sign 
under oath on form prescribed by the Board, certifying 
to the time the applicant has been employed by them as 
a journeyman plumber. Such vouchers at the time of 
signing applications must be lawfully engaged in the 
plumbing business in the city of New York. All appli- 
cations must be under oath. The Board shall refuse to 
receive an application from any person who, at the time 
of making, may be unlawfully engaged in business, as a 
master or employing plumber. A photograph of appli- 
cant is also required to be filed with application. 

Q. — What is the length of experience required to 
become a master plumber? 

A. — No person shall be examined unless he shall have 
had an experience of at least three years as a journey- 
man plumber and is able to furnish satisfactory evince 
of such fact. 

1 



Plumbing Questions and Answer^ 

Q. — Shall the applicant be a citizen of the United 
States? 

A. — Yes — no application will be received from any 
person who is not a citizen of ,the United States. 

Q. — How are applicants examined as to fitness and 
qualifications? 

A. — The examinations are conducted in two parts, 
namely: a practical test to determine the applicant's 
skill as a journeyman. (This test consists of joint 
wiping of various sizes and shapes and a written exam- 
ination consisting of questions and plan reading, ques- 
tions on the rules and regulations, theory, and violation 
plans.) 

Q. — Are applicants required to answer all questions 
in writing? 

A. — Yes, all examinations shall be answered in writ- 
ing by the applicant and must be in English. (The 
applicant's spelling or writing will not be counted against 
him as long as the writing is legible.) 

Q. — How often are examinations conducted by the 
Board? 

A. — The time and place of holding examinations shall 
be at the discretion of the Board. Ample notice shall be 
given to the applicants. 

Q. — Do applicants receive a certificate upon passing 
the required tests? 

A. — Yes, persons who pass the tests, as prescribed by 
the Board, shall be eligible to receive a certificate of 
competency as master or employing plumber. 

Q.—Can an applicant who fails in one or both tests 
apply for a re-examination? 

A. — Yes, an applicant who fails in the practical test 
shall not be eligible for another test until the expiration 
of three months ; should he fail in the second test, he 
will not be eligible for a third test until the expiration 
of six months, and failing in the third test he will not 

2 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

be eligible for a fourth test until the expiration of one 
year. An applicant who fails in the written examina- 
tion shall not be eligible for a re-examination until the 
expiration of one month; should he fail in the second 
examination, he will not be eligible for another ex- 
amination until the expiration of three months. Should 
he fail in the third examination he will not be eligible 
for another examination until the expiration of six 
months, and should he fail in the fourth examination, he 
will not be eligible for another examination until the ex- 
piration of one year. 

Q. — For what length of time may an application be 
active? 

A. — All applications will expire and be cancelled after 
a period of one year, if the applicant does not appear 
for examination within that period. 

Q. — Are there any other requirements, other than 
passing the examinations required of an applicant before 
receiving a certificate? 

A. — Yes, the Board shall inquire into the applicant's 
fitness and qualifications for conducting such business, 
and may require the applicant to submit, under oath, 
such evidence as will satisfy the Board that he is a 
person of good repute, character and responsibility. 

Q. — What is the cost of taking examination and re- 
ceiving certificate? 

A. — Each applicant for examination shall pay the 
sum of five dollars, and the further sum of five dollars, 
plus the amount of revenue stamp tax, or both, upon 
the issuance of a certificate to engage in business. 

Q. — Should the applicant fail in the examination after 
paying the -first five dollars, what is required? 

A. — He shall pay an amount to be fixed by the Board, 
not to exceed five dollars. 

Q. — Where a master plumber loses his certificate 
what action is taken by the Board? 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

A. — The Board may issue a duplicate where the orig- 
inal was issued during the term of office of all members 
of the Board in office when duplicate certificate is re- 
quested. In other cases a certificate of record is issued. 

Q. — Is any charge made for a duplicate or a certificate 
of record? 

A. — Yes, the sum of two dollars. 

Q. — Is a metal sign or plate necessary? 

A. — Yes, same to be conspicuously placed at the office 
or shop. It is obtained from the Board upon the pay- 
ment of five dollars. 

Q. — What is required of a master plumber who is re- 
tiring from business? 

A. — He shall surrender to the Board the metal plate 
or sign. Failure to do so is a misdemeanor, under the 
Laws of 1916 — Chapter 305. 

Q. — What are the requirements of every employing or 
master plumber, carrying on his trade or business in the 
City of New York? 

A. — Once each year he shall register his name and 
address at the office of the Bureau of Buildings in the 
Borough in which his place of business is located, under 
such rules and regulations as said Bureau shall prescribe, 
in accordance with Section 141 (new Section 604) of 
the Building Code of the City of New York. 

Filing of Drawings, Descriptions, Etc. 

Q. — What are the rules governing the filing of draw- 
ings, descriptions, etc.? 

A. — Drawings and triplicate descriptions, on forms 
furnished by the Bureau of Buildings for all Plumbing 
and Drainage, shall be properly filled in, and filed by the 
owner or architect in the said Bureau. The plans must 



BUREAU OF BUILDINGS 

BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN, CITY OF NEW YORK 
NOTICE— This Application must be TYPEWRITTEN and filed In triplicate 



P. & D. APPLICATION NO _ 1)1 JJj Plan No..._ - 191 

LOCATION , BLOCK LOT 

When properly signed by the Superintendent of Buildings of the Borough of Manhattan, this applica- 
tion becomes a PERMIT as. required by the. Building Code of the City of New York, 'to perform such work 
as is described in the foregoing statement and the attached plans and specifications which are a part hereof. 

Examined and Recommended for Approval on „.„., _ _ _....,„..,. .......... _ 191 



APPROVED. 



Superintendent of Buildings, Borough of 



New York City, I 191 

To the Superintendent of Buildings: 

Application is hereby made for approval of the plans and specifications herewith submitted, and made 
a part "hereof, for the PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE of the building herein described,— with the under- 
standing that if no work is, performed hereunder within one year from the time of issuance, this approval 
shall expire by limitation as provided by law; and the applicant agrees to comply with all the rules and 
regulations of the Bureau of Buildings for the Borough of Manhattan and with every other provision of law 
relating to this subject in effect at this date. 

State, County and ) < 

ClTV OF NEW YORK, f Typewrite Name of Applicant 

being duly sworn, deposes and says: That^he resides at Number 

in the Borough of 
m the City of in the County of 

In the State of , that he is 

owner in fee of all that certain lot, piece or parcel of land, shown on the diagram annexed hereto and made 
a part hereof, situate, lying and being in the Borough of Manhattan, City of New York aforesaid, and 
known and designated as Number 

and hereinafter more particularly -described; that the work proposed to be done upon the said premises, in 
accordance with the accompanying detailed statement in writing of the specifications and plans of such pro- 
posed work— including all amendments to the same which may be filed hereafter— is duly authorized to be 
performed by 

Name o( Owner n L e ti oe 

and that 
duly authorized by the aforesaid to make application for 

the-approval of such detailed statement of specifications and plans (and amendments thereto) in 
.'bfsbaJUV 



f Page 1) 

5 



Deponent further says that the full names and residences, street and number, of the owner or owners 
of the said land, and also of every person Interested in said building or proposed buDding", structure or pro- 
posed structure, premises, waU, platform, staging or flooring, tuner as owner, lasses, or In any repaeseatativ* 
capacity, are as follows- 

. , No._„ , 



No.. 



_No.„ 



The said land and premises above referred to are situate at, bounded and described as follows, vis.: 

BEGINNING at a point on the side of 

distant feet from the corner formed by the Intsrsectioa of 

and 

running thence feet; thence' (set: 

toence feet; thence 

to the point or place of beginning. 



Sworn to tyort mo, <*«*___ 
<tey of 



JfOTJS,- Concoction of woll or riwr vator ouppty ****• ** **• City wos> tupplo pip- 
it prehtlitod. 



Plumbing Q u e s t i o n s and Answers 

be drawn to scale in ink, on cloth, or they must be cloth 
prints of such scale drawings, and shall consist of such 
floor plans and sections as may be necessary to show 
clearly all plumbing work to be done, and must show 
partitions and methods of ventilating water-closet apart- 
ments. 

f Brass Plug with 
Flo or^ ^Countersunk Nut 



i — i/- 



^ Brass Traj?Screw_. 
M'ppJe ~ 



a .Long Turn 90° 
y 6a h. CI. Ell 



1> 



DECK PLATES FOR FLOOR CLEANOUTS 

Q. — What governs the commencement of work after 
plans are Hied? 

A. — The said plumbing and drainage shall not be com- 
menced or proceeded with until said drawings and 
descriptions shall have been so filed and approved by 
the superintendent of buildings. 

Q. — Is it necessary to install the work as shown on 
plans or called for in descriptions? 

A. — No modification of the approved drawings and 
descriptions will be permitted unless either amended 
drawings and triplicate descriptions, or an amendment 
to the original drawings and descriptions, covering the 
proposed change or changes, are so filed and approved 
by the superintendent of buildings. 

Q. — Under what ruling is the installation of plumbing 
installed in buildings? 

A. — The drainage and plumbing of all buildings, both 
public and private, shall be executed in accordance with 
the rules and regulations of the Bureau of Buildings. 

Q. — Is it necessary to file plans for repairs and altera- 
tions to plumbing work? 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

A. — Repairs or alterations of plumbing or drainage 
may be made without filing drawings and descriptions 
in the bureau of buildings, but such repairs or altera- 
tions shall not be construed to include cases where new 
vertical lines or horizontal branches of soil, waste, vent 
or leader pipes are proposed to be used. 

Q. — What is required by the plumber making repairs 
or alterations? 

A. — Notice of such repairs or alterations shall be 
given to the said Bureau before the same are commenced 
in such cases as shall be prescribed by the rules and 
regulations of the said Bureau, and the work shall be 
done in accordance with the said rules and regulations. 

Q. Give complete details of new section 604 of the 
Neiv York Building Code. 

A. Registration of plumbers — (a) Once in each year 
every employing or master plumber carrying on his trade, 
business or calling in the city shall register his name and 
address at the office of the Bureau of Buildings in the 
borough of the said city in which he performs work, 
under such rules as the said bureau may prescribe. Such 
registration may be cancelled by the superintendent of 
buildings for a violation of the rules and regulations for 
plumbing and drainage of such city duly adopted, or in 
force pursuant to the provisions of this article, or when- 
ever the person so registered ceases to hold a certificate 
from the examining board of plumbers or to be actually 
engaged in the business of master of employing plumber, 
after a hearing had before said superintendent upon 
prior notice of not less than 10 days. 

(b) No person, corporation or co-partnership shall 
engage in or carry on the trade, business or calling of 
employing or master plumbers in the city unless the 
name and address of such person and the president, 
secretary or treasurer of the corporation, or of each 

8 



Plumbing Questions a n d Answers 

and every member of the co-partnership shall have been 
registered as above provided. 

(c) It shall be unlawful for any person, corporation, 
or co-partnership in the City of New York, unless said 
person, corporation or co-partnership shall have com- 
plied with the requirements of this section, to hold him 
or themselves out to the public as a master or employing 
plumber by the use of the word "plumber" or "plumb- 
ing" or words of similar import or meaning, on signs, 
cards, stationery, or in any other manner whatsoever. 

(d) It shall be unlawful for any person, corporation 
or co-partnership in the City of New York to engage in 
or carry on the trade, business, or calling of employing 
or master plumber, unless such person, corporation, or 
co-partnership has conspicuously posted in the window 
of the place where such business is conducted, a metal 
plate or sign appropriately lettered or marked "licensed 
plumber in accordance with rules adopted by the super- 
intendent of buildings. 

(e) No person, corporation or co-partnership regis- 
tered as provided in this section, or who holds a certifi- 
cate from the examining board of plumbers, shall, for the 
benefit of any person engaged in the plumbing business, 
who is not so registered, apply for, receive or make use 
of, any permit granted to him by reason of being so reg- 
istered, or holding such certificate from the examining 
board of plumbers. 

Q. — What action should be taken by the plumber who 
is about to make repairs or alterations that have been 
ordered by the Tenement House Department or the 
Board of Health? 

A. — Where repairs or alterations, ordered by the 
Board of Health or Tenement House Department for 
sanitary reasons include cases where new vertical and 
horizontal lines of soil, waste, vent or leader pipes are 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

proposed to be used or old ones replaced, drawings and 
descriptions must be filed with and approved by the 
Superintendent of Buildings before same shall be com- 
menced or proceeded with. 

Q. — Where repairs or alterations are to be made to an 
old building, is it necessary to perform such work ac- 
cording to the present plumbing rules? 

A. — Repairs and alterations may comply in all re- 
spects with the weight, quality, arrangement and vent- 
ing of the rest of the work in the building. Except 
when an existing soil, waste or vent line has been dam- 
aged by fire or other causes to the extent of fifty per 
cent or more of its entire length, same must be replaced 
by new lines installed in accordance with the rules and 
regulations governing new lines. 

Q. — What is required by the Building Department 
before any part of the plumbing zvork is commenced? 

A. — No plumbing and drainage or any part thereof 
shall be commenced until the plumber who is to do the 
work shall sign the specifications and make affidavit 
that he is duly authorized to proceed with the work. 
Affidavit must give the name and address of owner and 
plumber, etc. No registered plumber shall sign the 
specifications and act as the agent for a plumber who has 
not obtained a certificate of competency from the Exam- 
ining Board of Plumbers as an Employing or Master 
Plumber. A violation of this rule will be deemed a 
sufficient reason by the Superintendent of Buildings for 
the cancellation of a Certificate of Registration, in 
accordance with Chapter 803, Laws of 1896. 

Q. — What is required when the work is begun? 

A. — Written notices must be given to the Superin- 
tendent of Buildings by the plumber when any work 
is begun, and at such times as the work is ready for 
inspection. 

10 



BUREAU OF BUILDINGS 

BOROUGff OP MANHATTAN, CITY OF NE\y YORK 

NOnOB-fhU application must b» typewritten and Sled In triplicate. AH proposed Work under this application must b» 
shown on plans and section. All rertteal UheeSbf aofl, waste, leader and refrigerator pipes should be designated by ■ 
numbers or letters. A soil or waste line and Its attendant vent line may be considered as one stack, and so nam* 
bered or lettered. In alterations, new work only should be specified. When new fixtures are to be connected to 
present lines, the location and diameter of said lines must be shown on the pfauv 



P. & D. AmiCATIOfl fit.. 



.Ill 



waT»«_ 



Number of buildings? 

Dimensions of each building:. 
HOW to be orrupied? 



SPECIFICATIONS 

.New or old hm'lHing*? 

Ft. front, . Ft. rear,_ 



..Number of stories. 



_Ft. deep,. 



^Ft high. 



How wut the 6ewage and drainage of the buildings be disposed of, if by other than a public sewer ?_ 



House sewers— State number for each building. 

o 
Material ? , 

House traps— Number? 



Fresh-air inlets— Sta4te number for each building. 
Location of inl«»t? 



House drains— Number for each building?. 



Area, shaft, court and yard drains— Number?. 



Diameter. 
Fall per foot. 
Diameter__ 
Diameter 



_ inches, 
inches. 



.inches. Fall .per foot inches. 

Diameter inches. 



If floor, cellar or stall drains are to be installed, stafe location, number and method of maintaining the water 
seal in traps: 



Material o(.soil, waste and vent-pipes ?. 
Soil -lines — .Number in each building? 



Waste- lines— Number in each building?. 
Vent- lines — Number in each building?. 



Refrigerator waste-pipes— State number in each hnilding? 

Roof drainage— State number of outside leaders?. 

Diameter.. inches Diameter of traps. 



Diameter. 
Diameter_ 
Diameter. 
Diameter. 



State number and material of inside leaders- 
Diameter.: , ,. 



Diameter of traps. 



How will the floor and base of water-closet apartment be made water-proof?. 

Describe water-closets , .. , , , 

Describe "rinals , ,. , , , 



Jnches. 



.inches, 
.inches. 
.Xn'ches. 



(Pacb 2] 
11 



ICOWTP'VtD OK OlXSft MSB I 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

Q. — Is it necessary to file separate specifications for 
each building if the houses are exactly alike? 



TABLE OK FIXTURES 

TO INCLUDE FIXTURES RESET WHERE NEW ROUGHING 13 INSTALLED 


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Fixture? on i>D 


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3 


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b 

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5 

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Orin»l» 






























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Wub-b*4oi 
































- 


















































, 






































W««h-tub* 


























































































































































































Stop Sinks 




























































Dnnkiof Pououlni 






















































Stowm . 






























































Plunge B»th» 






























































REMARKS 



A. — One set of specifications will be received for not 
more than ten houses, and then only when on adjoining 
lots and houses are exactly alike. 



Definitions and Terms 

Q. — Define the following terms: 
Private sewer. 
House sewer. 
House drain. 
Soil line. 
A. — The term "private sewer" is applied to main 
sewers that are not constructed by and under the super- 
vision of the Department of Public Works. 

12 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

The term "house sewer" is applied to that part of the 
main drain or sewer extending from a point two feet 
outside of the outer front wall of the building, vault or 
area to its connection with public sewer, private sewer 
or cesspool. 

The term "house drain" is applied to that part of the 
main horizontal drain and its branches inside the walls 
of the building, vault or area and extending to and 
connecting with the house sewer. 

The term "soil line" is applied to any vertical line of 
pipe having outlets above the floor of first story for 
water closet connections. 

Q. — Define the terms, waste line and vent pipe. 

A. — The term "waste line" is applied to any vertical 
line of piping having outlets above the first floor for fix- 
tures other than water closet. 

The term "vent pipe" is applied to any special pipe 
provided to ventilate the system of piping and to prevent 
trap siphonage and back pressure. 

Q. — What are the requirements as to material and 
workmanship? 

A. — All materials must be of the best quality, free 
from defects, and all work must be executed in a thor- 
ough, workmanlike manner. 

Q. — What are the requirements for the use of cast 
iron pipe and fittings? 

A. — All cast-iron pipes and fittings must be uncoated, 
sound, cylindrical and smooth, free from cracks, sand 
holes and other defects, and of uniform thickness. 

Q. — May standard C. I. pipe be used to install the 
plumbing system? 

A. — Standard pipe may be used above ground in 
residence buildings not exceeding two stories and base- 
ment in height. In all other buildings extra heavy pipe 
shall be used. 

Q. — How can you tell if the C. I. pipe is of proper 
weight? 

13 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

Q. — Give the weights per linear foot for cast iron 
pipe, Standard and Extra Heavy. 

A. — Pipe, including the hub, shall weigh not less than 
the following average weights per linear foot : 

Weights per Linear Foot 

Diameters Standard Extra Heavy 

2 inches 3 3/5 by 2 pounds 

3 inches 5 1/5 9 l / 2 pounds 

4 inches 7 13 pounds 

5 inches 9 17 pounds 

6 inches 11 20 pounds 

7 inches 14 27 pounds 

8 inches 17 33 y 2 pounds 

10 inches 23 45 pounds 

12 inches S3 54 pounds 

A. — The size, weight and maker's name must be cast 
on each length of pipe. 

Q. — How shall joints be made betiveen C. I pipe, and 
how much lead is required for each joint? 

A. — All joints must be made with picked oakum and 
molten lead and be made gas tight. Twelve ounces of 
fine, soft pig lead must be used at each joint for each 
inch in the diameter of the pipe when extra heavy pipe 
is used, and nine ounces when standard pipe is installed. 

Q. — When wrought iron pipe is used for the plumbing 
or drainage system, what grade or quality should it be? 

A. — All wrought iron and steel pipes must be equal 
in quality to "standard," and must be properly tested by 
the manufacturer. All pipe must be lap-welded. No 
plain black or uncoated pipe will be permitted. 

All wrought iron or steel water supply, vent, waste 
and soil pipes must be galvanized. 

Q. — Where galvanized steel or wrought pipe is in- 
stalled, what kind of fittings must be used? 

A. — Where galvanized wrought iron or steel pipe is 
required, the fittings used on the same must also be 
galvanized. Fittings for waste or soil and refrigerator 
waste pipes must be cast-iron recessed and threaded 

14 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

drainage fittings, with smooth interior waterway, and 
threads tapped, so as to give a uniform grade to branches 
of not less than one-fourth of an inch per foot. 

Q. — Where close nipples are used on the plumbing 
system, what are the requirements? 

A. — Short nipples on wrought iron or steel pipe, where 
the unthreaded part of the pipe is less than one and 
one-half inches long, must be of the thickness and weight 
to correspond to weight of pipe. 

Q. — What average thickness and weight per linear 
foot of the following sizes of wrought iron pipe must 
be used? 

A.— The pipe shall not be less than the following 
average thickness and weight per linear foot : 

Weights per 

Diameters Thicknesses Linear Foot 

iy 2 inches 14 inches 2.68 pounds 

2 inches 15 inches 3. CI pounds 

2 x / 2 inches 20 inches 5.74 pounds 

3 inches 21 7.54 pounds 

35^ inches 22 inches 9.00 pounds 

4 inches 23 inches 10.66 pounds 

4^ inches 24 inches 12.34 pounds 

5 inches 25 inches 14.50 pounds 

6 inches 28 inches 18.76 pounds 

7 inches 30 inches 23.27 pounds 

8 inches 32 inches 28.18 pounds 

9 inches 34 inches 33.70 pounds 

10 inches 36 inches 40 06 pounds 

11 inches 37 inches 45.02 pounds 

12 inches 37 inches 48.98 pounds 

Q. — Where brass pipe is to be used on the plumbing 
and drainage system, zvhat are the requirements? 

A. — All brass pipe for soil, waste and vent pipes and 
solder nipples must be thoroughly annealed, drawn, 
brass tubing, of standard iron-pipe gauge. 

Q. — How are connections between brass pipe or brass 
and iron pipe to be made? 

A. — Connections on brass pipe and between brass pipe 
and traps on iron pipe must not be made with slip joints 
or couplings. Threaded connections on brass pipe must 
be of the same size as iron pipe thread for same size of 
pipe and be tapered. 

IS 



P I u m b i n g Questions and Answers 

Q. — What average weight and thickness, per linear 
foot, brass pipe, must be used? 

A. — The following average thicknesses and weights 
per linear foot will be required: 

Weights per 

Diameters Thicknesses Linear Foot 

iy 2 inches 14 inches 2.84 pounds 

2 inches 15 inches 3.S2 pounds 

2H inches 20 inches 6.08 pounds 

3 inches 21 inches 7.92 pounds 

3 T / 2 inches 22 inches 9.54 pounds 

4 inches 23 inches 11.29 pounds 

\y 2 inches 24 inches 13.08 pounds 

5 inches 25 inches 15.37 pounds 

6 inches 28 inches 19.88 pounds 

Q. What quality and weights should brass ferrules be 
for (a) hravy pipe, (b) light pipe? 

A. (a) Where heavy pipe is used brass ferrules must 
be of best quality cast brass, not less than four inches 
long and two and one-quarter, three and one-half and 
four and one-half inches in diameter, and not less than 
following weights : 

Diameters Weights 

2 l / 2 in. i lb. o oz. 

7,y 2 in. I lb. 12 oz. 

4y 2 in. 2 lb. 8 oz. 

(b) Where light pipe is used brass ferrules must be 
of best quality cast brass, not less than 2 in., and 3 in., 
and 4 in. in diameter, and not less than the following 
weights. 

Diameters Weights 

2 in. 1 lb. o oz. 

3 in. 1 lb. 12 oz. 

4 in. 2 lb. 8 oz. 

Q. — Are one and one-half inch ferrules permitted to 
be used? 

A. — One and one-half inch ferrules are not permitted. 
Q. — What quality and weights for solder nipples must 
be used? 

16 



Plumbing Questions and Answers. 

A. — Soldering nipples must be heavy cast brass or 
of brass pipe, iron pipe-size. When cast they must not 
be less than the following weights : 

Diameters Weights 

1 x /z inches pound 8 ounces 

2 inches pound 14 ounces 

2J<£ inches 1 pound 6 ounces 

3 inches 2 pounds ounces 

4 inches 3 pounds 8 ounces 

Q. — State the type and quality of cleanout plugs per- 
mitted to be used. 

A. — Brass screw caps for cleanouts must be extra 
heavy, not less than one-eighth of an inch thick. The 
screw cap must have a solid square or hexagonal nut, 
not less than one inch high, with a least diameter of one 
and one-half inches. The body of the cleanout ferrule 
must be at least equal in weight and thickness to the 
caulking ferrule for the same size of pipe. 

Q. — How should the size of cleanout compare with the 
size of pipe or trap? 

A. — Where cleanouts are required by rules and by 
the approved plans, the screw cap must be of brass. 
The engaging part must have not less than six threads 
of iron-pipe size and be tapered. Cleanouts must be of 
full size of trap up to four inches in diameter, and not 
less than four inches for larger traps. 

Q. — Are long lengths of lead pipe permitted to be 
used for soil or waste pipe? 

A. — The use of lead pipes is restricted to the short 
branches of the soil and waste pipes, bends and traps, 
roof connections of inside leaders. 

'Short branches'' of lead pipe shall be construed to 
mean not more than : 

8 feet of \y 2 inch pipe. 

5 feet of 2 inch pipe. 

2 feet of 3 inch pipe. 

2 feet of 4 inch pipe. 

Q. — How must connections between lead pipe, lead 
and brass or copper pipe be made? 

17 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

A. — All connections between lead pipes and between 
lead and brass or copper pipes must be made by means 
of "wiped" solder joint. 

g. — What grade of lead pipe must be used on the 
plumbing system and what weights per linear foot? 

A. — All lead waste, soil, vent and flush pipes must be 

















Oak Iron Pipe 






^^ 


Galv. Iron 
jCouph'tag 




I — < 


-^~ 


} .'Flash in a 




v 




i 


I- 


==^l 











ROOF FLASHING FOR GALVANIZED IRON PIPE 



of the best quality, known in commerce as "D" and of 
not less than the following weights per linear foot : 

Weights Per 

Diameters Linear Foot 

1 l /i inch (for flush pipes only) 2J4 pounds 

1 y 2 inches t . . . S pounds 

3 inches 6 pounds 

2 inches 4 pounds 

4 and 4^ inches 8 pounds 

Q. — What grade and weight must the lead traps and 
bends be? 

A. — All lead traps and bends must be of the same 
weights and thicknesses as their corresponding pipe 
branches. Sheet lead for roof flashings must be six- 
pound lead, and must extend not less than six inches 
from the pipe, and the joint made watertight. 

Q. — Where copper tubing is used for roof connections 

18 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

on inside leaders, what gauge must it be? What gauge 
must be used in roof flashings? 

A. — Copper tubing, when used for inside leader roof 
connections, must be seamless drawn tubing, not less 
than 22 gauge, and when used for roof flashings must 
be not less than 18 gauge. 

General Regulations 

Q. — Should each building be separately connected to 
public sewer, private sewer, or cesspool, or can two or 
more buildings use the same house sewer? 



_i 



Rear 
Blfo 



Front 



.iotLtn^j 



z - -House Sewer 
Streef Sewer^ 



CORRECT WAY TO INSTALL A HOUSE SEWER FOR TWO 
BUILDINGS UPON THE SAME LOT WHEN ONE IS A REAR 

BUILDING 



A. — Each building must be separated and indepen- 
dently connected with a public or private sewer, or 
cesspool, except where a building is located on the rear 
of the same lot with another building, when its plumb- 

19 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

ing and drainage system may be connected to the honse- 
drain of the front building behind the house trap and 
fresh air inlet which shall be used for both buildings if 
sewer connected; or may be connected to an existing 
cesspool of front house and be provided with a separate 
house trap and fresh air inlet. 

Q. — Where should the sewer connection be made in 
reference to the location of the building? 



•Party Wat) 



House Sewer 



Mo. I 



Ho. 2 



Street Sewer 



*-Hovse Sewer 

=r . 




House Sewer 
^Street Sewer 



(LEFT) PROPER WAY TO CONNECT HOUSE SEWER 
(RIGHT) IMPROPER WAY TO CONNECT HOUSE SEWER 



A. — Every building must have its sewer connections 
directly in front of the building, unless permission is 
otherwise granted by the Superintendent of Buildings. 

Q. — Where there is no public sewer in the street upon 
which a building faces, may the owner install a private 
sewer and how must this be constructed? 

A. — Where there is no sewer in the street or avenue, 
and it is possible to construct a private sewer to connect 
in an adjacent street or avenue, a private sewer may be 
constructed, to be used in common for one or more 
buildings. It must be laid outside the curb under the 
roadway. 



20 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

Q. — Are cesspools and privy vaults permitted to be 
installed? 

A. — Cesspool and privy vaults will be permitted only 
after it has been shown to the satisfaction of the Super- 
intendent of Buildings that their use is absolutely 
necessary. 

When allowed, they must be constructed strictly in 
accordance with the terms of the permit issued by the 
Superintendent of Buildings. 

Cesspools must not be used as privy vaults nor can 
privy vaults be used as cesspools. Cesspool and urivy 
vaults must be located at least fifteen feet from any 
building and on the same lot as building for which their 
use is intended. Walls of cesspools and privy vaults 
when constructed of brick must be eight inches thick; 
if of stone, eighteen inches thick. Bottoms of cesspools 
and privy vaults must be of stone concrete six inches 
thick. The entire interior surface of cesspools and privy 
vaults must be finished with a coating of Portland 
cement mortar one inch thick. 

As soon as it is possible to connect with a public 
sewer, the owner must have the cesspool and privy vault 
emptied, cleaned and disinfected and filled with fresh 
earth, and have a sewer connection made in the manner 
herewith prescribed. 

Q. — How should pipe lines be supported to prevent 
settlement? 

A. — All pipe lines must be supported at the base on 
brick piers, or by heavy iron hangers from the cellar 
ceiling-beams, and along the line by heavy iron hangers 
at intervals of not more than ten feet. 

Q. — At what distance should the soil, waste or vent 
pipe terminate from any window? 

A. — All pipes issuing from extensions or elsewhere, 
which would otherwise open within twenty feet of the 
window of any building, must be extended above the 

21 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

top of any window located within such distance. When 
a building exceeds in height that of an adjoining build- 
ing, and windows or openings are cut in the wall on 
the lot line within twenty feet of the roof terminal of 
any soil, waste or vent line now in place or subsequently 
installed in the lower building, the owner of the higher 
building shall defray the expense of extending said soil, 
waste or vent lines above the roof of the higher build- 
ing, or shall himself make such alteration. 

NOTE — VALIDITY OF PLUMBING RULE 

The Validity of Rule 50 of the plumbing rules of the 
several bureaus of buildings is established in a decision 
by the Appellate Division, First Department, handed 
down in the case of City of New York v. Conrad 
Alheidt. The case is reported in the New York Law 
Journal of January 10, 1918, and is there summarized 
as follows: 

Section 50 of the Plumbing Rules, which provides "that 
all pipes issuing from extension or elsewhere which would 
otherwise open within twenty feet of the window of any 
building must be extended above the top of any window 
located within such distance" is a valid provision, and 
should be liberally construed in the interest of the public 
health in order that noxious gases should not be drawn 
into nearby windows. 

The use of the word "adjoining" in another and distinct 
part of the ordinance, providing, where buildings are of 
different height, for the extension of vent lines along the 
roofs of higher buildings, does not restrict the application 
of such provision to buildings actually contiguous to build- 
ings containing vent lines. 

The decision would seem to carry with it also a 
recognition of the plumbing rules in general, so that 
they have in effect, the same force as any city ordinances. 

Q. — Are offsets permitted on the drainage system? 

A. — The arrangement of all pipes must be as straight 

22 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 



and direct as possible. Offsets will be permitted only 
when unavoidable. 



i 



-//--- 



FIG. 13 




rn 



d 



\<---H--A 



FIG. 14 



&a 



FIG. 13. OFFSET C TO C. 
FIG. 14. BACK TO CENTER. 



Q.—Is it good practice to expose all piping of the 
plumbing system to view? 

A. — All pipes and traps should, where possible, be 
exposed to view. They should always be readily ac- 
cesible for inspection and repairing. 

Q. — Is it necessary to carry at least one four-inch line 
above the roof for every building? 

A. — In every building where there is a leader con- 
nected to the drain, if there are any plumbing fixtures, 
there must be at least one four (4) inch pipe extending 
above the roof for ventilation. 



23 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

Yard, Area and Other Drains 

Q. — How should yard, area and court drams be con- 
nected? 



>i\i \ 




3/NK WXSTfr 



2 



HOUSE JJ&/7/N* 



. , DRAINAGE CONNECTIONS IN BASEMENT 

3CJ .<ji(J 

-Ofi vlib 

A. — All yards, areas and courts exceeding 15 square 
feet in area must be drained into the sewer. A shaft 
open at the top not exceeding twenty-five square feet in 
area, and which cannot be connected in back of a leader, 
yard, court or area drain trap, may be drained into a 
publicly-placed, water-supplied, properly-trapped and 
vented slop sink. 

24 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 




s m 






'SSCTfONHiyfr 
ELEVffTJON 
OF 




I 





3 



TO \MMN 



*5* 



Of 



I I 



s 



1 |N ? 







ELEVATION 
25 



Plumbing Question s' and Answers 

Q. — What size should the above drains be when they 
are directly connected with the plumbing system? 

A. — These drains, when sewer-connected, must have 
connections not less than three inches in diameter. 
They should be controlled by one trap — the leader trap, 
if possible. 

Q. — What is an indirect connection? 

A. — All connections that discharge into an open sink 
are known as indirect connections. 

Q. — Are floor drains permitted to be installed? 

A. — Floor drains will only be permitted when it can 
be shown to the satisfaction of the Superintendent of 
Buildings that their use is absolutely necessary and 
arrangements made to maintain a permanent water seal 
in the traps. 

Q. — How may cellar drains be connected? 

A. — Cellar drains may be connected in back of and 
controlled by a leader, yard, court or area drain trap 
which need not be vented. 

Q. — \D escribe the subsoil drain and how should same 
be connected to the drainage system? 

A. — Subsoil drains should discharge into a sump or 
receiving tank, the contents of which are discharged by 
gravity and may be discharged into a rain leader, yard, 
court or area drain behind the trap controlling same 
or may be discharged through a properly trapped and 
vented, water supplied receptacle. Where mechanical 
force is required to discharge the contents into the 
plumbing and drainage system, a proper automatic cut- 
off or check valve must be provided on the connection 
between house-drain and apparatus used for raising the 
contents of sump-pit. 

Note. — A subsoil drain is a drain constructed of tile 
pipe having open joints. Its purpose is to remove 
ground water to protect the foundation of buildings. 

26 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

Q. — How may the contents of settling chambers or 
dust receptacles for vacuum cleaners be connected? 



/Foundation Walt 




S//////'r///////s£?&^$ u b-$oi! Drain We Pipe 
Broken with Open Joints 

Stone 

CROSS SECTION OF A SUBSOIL DRAIN 

A. — The contents of settling chamber or dust recep- 
tacle for vacuum cleaners may be discharged into a 
Plumbing and Drainage system, the same as sub-soil 
drain sump-pits. 



27 



Plumbing Questions and Answer^ 



Leaders 

Q. — Must all buildings be provided with rain leaders 
and how should same be connected? 

A. — Every building shall be kept provided with proper 
metallic gutters and rain leaders for conducting water 
from all roofs in such manner as shall protect the walls 
and foundations from injury. In no case shall the water 
from any rain leader be allowed to flow, upon the side- 
walk or adjoining property, but the same shall be con- 
ducted by proper pipes to the sewer. If there be no 
sewer in the street upon which the building fronts, then 
the water from said leaders may be conducted by proper 
pipes laid below the surface of sidewalk to the street gut- 
ter, or may be conducted by extra heavy cast-iron pipe 
to a leeching cesspool located at least twenty feet from 
any building. No plumbing fixtures shall discharge into 
a leeching cesspool. 

Q. — Of what material must inside leaders be installed 
and roof connections for inside leaders be made? 

A. — Inside leaders must be made of cast-iron, wrought 
iron or steel, with roof connections made gas and water 
tight by means of a heavy lead or copper-drawn tubing 
wiped to a brass ferrule or nipple caulked or screwed 
into the pipe. 

Q.What material may be used to install outside' lead- 
ers and how must they connect to the drainage system? 

A. — Outside leaders may be made of sheet metal, but 
they must connect with the house drain by means of 
a cast-iron pipe extending vertically five feet above the 
grade level. 

Q. — Must leaders or ram conductors be trapped? 

A. — Leaders must be trapped with cast-iron running 
traps so placed as to prevent freezing. 

28 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

Q. — May a leader line be used as a soil or waste pipe? 

A. — Rain-water leaders must not be used as soil 
waste or vent pipes, nor shall any such pipe be used as 
a leader. 



House Sewer, House Drain, House Trap and Fresh 

Air Inlet 

Q. — May an old house sewer be used as a part of the 
drainage system for a new building? 

A. — Old house sewers can be used in connection with 
the new buildings or new plumbing only when they 
are found, on examination by the plumbing inspector, 
to conform in all respects to the requirements govern- 
ing new sewers. 

Q. — May earthenware pipe be used to install a house 
sewer? 

A. — When a proper foundation consisting of a nat- 
ural bed of earth, rock, etc., can be obtained, the house 
sewer can be of earthenware pipe. 

Q. — Under what conditions are earthenware pipes for- 
bidden to be used? 

A. — Where the ground is made or filled in, or where 
the pipes are less than three feet deep, or in any case 
where there is danger of settlement by frost or from 
any cause, and when cesspools are used, the house sewer 
must be of extra heavy cast-iron pipe, with lead-caulked 
joints. 

Q. — May old earthenware house drains be repaired or 
replaced with earthenware pipe? 

A. — No earthenware house-drain, when found in a 
leaky or defective condition, shall be repaired or re- 
placed except with heavy cast-iron pipe. 

29 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

Q. — Of what material must the house drain be in- 
stalled? When above ground and when under ground? 

A. — The house drain and its branches must be of 
extra heavy cast iron when under ground, and of extra 
heavy cast iron or galvanized wrought iron or steel when 
above ground. 

Q. — Where should the house drain connect to the 
house sewer. And how must the drain be protected 
when passing through building wall? 

A. — The house drain must; properly connect with the 
house sewer at a point two feet outside of the outer 



Relief to Roof- 
boiler Blow-off}, 
or Drip Pipe — 
from H. P. boilers 



Air Vent to 
r~U-'''preven t Stjphonage 




Fresh Airj nlet 
toHouseVrain * 

L 



Drain 
CONDENSING TANK WITH CONNECTIONS 



front vault or area wall of the building. An arched or 
other opening must be provided for the drain in the wall 
to prevent damage by settlement. 

Q. — How should the house drain be supported so as 
to maintain the proper fall? 

A. — The house drain if above the cellar floor must be 
supported at intervals of ten feet by eight-inch brick 
piers or suspended from the floor beams, or be other- 
wise properly supported by proper hangers placed not 
more than ten feet apart. 

Q. — May the steam-exhaust, boiler blow-off or drip 
pipes from boilers connect to the house drain? 



30 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

A. — No steam-exhaust, boiler blow-off or drip-pipe 
shall be connected with the house-drain. Such pipes 
must first discharge into a proper condensing tank, and 
from this a proper outlet to the house sewer outside of 
the building must be provided. In low pressure steam 
systems the condensing tank may be omitted, but the 
waste connections must be otherwise as above required. 

Q. — How must the house drain and house sewer be 
run. And how should branches be made to same to give 
the best results? 

A. — The house-drain and house-sewer must be run 
as direct as possible, with a fall of at least one-quarter 
inch per foot, all changes in direction made with proper 
fittings, and all connections made with Y branches and 
one-eighth and one-sixteenth bends. 

Q. — How must the size of the house sewer and house 
drain be determined? 

A. — The house sewer and house-drain must be at 
least four inches in diameter when receiving the discharge 
of a water-closet. Where rain leaders are connected 
to the plumbing system^ the sizes of house sewer, house 
drain and leader connections shall be computed accord- 
ing to the square feet of area drained into them. No 
house sewer or house-drain shall be of less diameter 
than the largest line of pipe connected thereon. The 
following table, is the maximum area allowed to drain 
into pipes of given diameter : 

Diameter 

of Fall Fall 

Pipe Ya. Inch Per Foot y 2 Inch Per Foot 

3 1,200 square feet 1,500 square feet 

4 2.500 square feet 3,200 square feet 

5 4,500 square feet 6,000 square feet 

6 8,000 square feet 10,000 square feet 

7 12.400 square feet 15,600 square feet 

8 18,000 square feet 22,500 square feet 

9 25,000 square feet 31.500 snuare feet 

10 41,000 square feet 59,000 square feet 

12 69,000 square feet 98,000 square feet 

31 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

Q. — What size cleanouts are required on the house 
drain or its branches ? 

A. — Full size Y and T branch fittings for handhole 
cleanouts must be provided where required on house- 
drain and its branches. No clean-out need be larger 
than six inches in diameter. 

Q. — Is it necessary to install a trap on the house drain. 
Where mast it be located and how protected? 

A. — An iron running trap must be placed in the house- 
drain near the front wall of the house, and on the 
sewer side of all connections, except a Y fitting used 
to receive the discharge from an automatic sewage lift, 
oil separator, or a drip-pipe where one is used. If placed 
outside of the house or below the cellar floor, it must 
be made accessible in a brick manhole, the walls of which 
must be eight inches thick, with an iron or flagstone 
cover. When outside the house it must never be less 
than three feet below the surface of the ground. 

Q. — Is it necessary to install a house trap in an old 
building where no house trap exists? 

A. — When the plumbing system of any building is 
altered by the addition of a new soil, waste or vent 
line, and no house trap and fresh air inlet or leader trap 
exists on the house-drain, same shall be provided. 

Q. — How many cleanouts are required on the house 
trap? 

A. — The house trap must have two cleanouts, with 
brass screw cap ferrules caulked in. 

Q. — Is it necessary to connect a fresh-air inlet to the 
drainage system and what size must it be? 

A. — A fresh-air inlet pipe must be connected with 
the house-drain just inside of the house trap and ex 
tended to the outer air, terminating with open end at 
least one foot above the grade at most available point 
to be approved by the Superintendent of Buildings and 
shown on plans. Thq fresh-air inlet pipe shall be one- 

. 32 



P I u m b i n g Questions and Answers 

half the diameter of house-drain but not less than four 

inches in diameter. 

Q. — May the fresh-air inlet pipe terminate at the curb:' 
A. — No curb box or similar device with grating placed 

in sidewalk will be permitted for fresh air inlets. 

Soil and Waste Lines 

Q. — Of what material must the drainage system of a 
building be installed? 

A. — All main, soil, waste or vent pipes must be of 
iron, steel or brass. 

Q. — Where must the soil waste or vent lines terminate 
and what is the smallest size vent pipe passing through 
the roof? 

A. — When they receive the discharge of fixtures oil 
any floor above the first, they must be extended in 
full calibre at least one foot above the roof coping, and 
well away from all shafts, windows, chimneys or other 
ventilating openings. When less than four inches in 
diameter, they must be enlarged to four inches at a 
point not less than one foot below the roof surface by 
an increaser not less than nine (9) inches long. 

Q. — Are caps, cowls or bends permitted to be affixed 
to the top of soil, waster or vent lines? 

A. — No caps, cowls or bends shall be affixed to the 
top of such stack. 

Q. — How must the top of all lines be protected, and 
to what height should the line extend where the roof is 
to be used by the occupants of the building? 

A. — In all buildings, wire baskets must be securely 
fastened into the opening of each pipe in an accessible 
position. When roofs are used for drying purposes or 
roof gardens, all pipes shall be extended to a height of 
seven feet. 

33 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

Q. — At what degree must offset be made on a line 
above the highest fixture connection? 

A. — Necessary offsets above the highest fixture branch 
must not be made at an angle of less than forty-five 
degrees to the horizontal. 

Q. — What shape fittings are used for making connec- 
tions to soil or waste pipes? 

A. — Soil and waste pipes must have proper Y or TY 
branches for all fixture connections. 

Q. — May the waste pipe of any other -fixture connect 
to the lead branch of a water closet or slop sink? 

A. — No connection to lead branches for water-closets 
or slop sinks will be permitted, except the required 
branch vent. 

Q. — What is the fall required for branch soil or waste 
pipes? 

A. — Branch soil and waste pipe must have a fall of 
at least one-quarter inch per foot. 

Q. — What fittings are prohibited from use on the 
drainage system? 

A. — Short TY branches will be permitted on vertical 
lines only. Long one-quarter bends and long TYs are 
permitted. Short one-quarter bends and double hubs, 
short roof increasers and common offsets, and bands and 
saddles are prohibited. 

Q. — V/hat are proper sizes of pipe to be used for 
lines, branches, and fixture connections on the plumbing 
system? 

A. — The diameter of soil and waste pipes must not 
be less than those given in the following table : 

Main soil stacks in buildines serving not more than two sets 

i of fixtures in^ four or less stories 4 inches 

Main soil stacks in residence buildinsrs serving not more than 

two sets of fixtures in five or six stories 4 inches 

Main soil stacks in all other cases 5 inches 

Branch soil pipes for not more than four water closets.. 8 inches 

34 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 



Vent Pipes and Venting 

Q. — Must all fixture traps be back vented ? 

A. — All traps, except approved anti-siphon traps 
connected to main waste or soil lines or to the house 
drain by branch piping not over seven (7) feet in 
length with a fall not exceeding two (2) inches per 
foot, shall be protected from siphonage and back-pres- 
sure by special lines of vent pipes ; provided that where 
approved deep-seal siphon- jet water closet or slop sink 
fixtures are installed with branch piping not over five 
(5) feet in length from fixture to main soil or waste 
line, the vent pipe may be omitted for such fixtures in 
buildings not over eight (8) stories in height, and where 
the main soil or waste line is made one inch larger in 
diameter than required by these rules, the vent pipe may 
also be omitted for such fixtures in building over eight 
(8) stories in height. 

Q. — What kind of pipe is used to install vent lines and 
branch vents. How may vent lines be installed for 
buildings less than seven stories ? 

A. — All vent pipe lines and main branches must be 
of iron, steel or brass. They must be increased in 
diameter and extended above the roof as required for 
waste-pipes. They may be connected with the adjoin- 
ing soil or waste line well above the highest fixture, but 
this will not be permitted when there are fixtures on 
more than six floors. 

0- — Hotv must offsets be made in vent lines, and how 
must vent lines be connected at the bottom? 

A. — All offsets must be made at an angle of not less 
than forty-five decrees to the horizontal, and all lines 
must be connected at the bottom with a soil or waste 
pipe or the drain in such a manner as to prevent the 
accumulation of rust scale. 

35 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

Q. — How high must branch vent pipe be run, and how 
close to the crown of fixture trap must they connect ? 

A. — Branch vent pipes shall be kept above the top 
of all connecting fixtures, so as to prevent the use of 
vent pipes as soil pipes or waste-pipes. Branch vent 
pipes should be connected not less than six inches nor 
more than two feet from crown of trap or side of lead 
bend. 

Q. — Where must the branch vent pipe connect to 
water closet and slop sink connections? 

A. — Except where "yoke tyP e " ventilation is installed, 
vent connection for water-closets and slop sinks must be 
made from the branch soil or waste-pipe just below the 
trap of the fixture, and the branch vent pipe must be so 
connected as to prevent obstruction, and no waste pipe 
connected between it and the fixture. Earthenware traps 
must have no vent horns. 

0. — What is yoke type venting? 

A. — "Yoke type'' ventilation shall be taken to mean a 
cross connection, by means of a horizontal branch soil 
or waste-pipe, between the main soil or waste line and 
the vent line, and in which the connection between the 
branch pipe and the vent line is made at least six (6) 
inches above the line of fixtures discharging into such 
branch pipe. 

Q. — May a brick or metal flue be used as a vent pipe? 

A. — No sheet metal, brick or other flue shall be used 
as a vent pipe. 

Q. — How are the size of vent pipes to be determined? 

A. — The sizes of vent-pipes throughout must not be 
less than the following : 

For main vents, two inches in diameter; for water- 
closets on three or more floors, three inches in diam- 
eter; for other fixtures on less than seven floors, two 
inches in diameter; three-inch vent pipe will be per- 
mitted for less than nine stories; for more than eight 

36 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

and less than sixteen stories, four inches in diameter; 
for more than fifteen and less than twenty-two stories, 
five inches in diameter ; for more than twenty-one stories, 
the size of the vent pipe shall be determined by the 
Superintendent of Buildings. 

For fixtures other than water-closets and slop sinks 
and for more than eight stories, vent pipes may be one 
inch smaller in diameter than above stated. 



(/Through 
Roof 



_S S_ 



.4"<So// Stack 






Through..^ 
Roof 

V 



± 



5 



cor 



4 Vent 
Stack 



YOKE TYPE VENTING 

For long branch vent pipes over ten feet in length but 
not exceeding twenty-five feet, two inches in diameter; 
when over twenty-five feet in length but not exceeding 
fifty feet, three inches in diameter. No branch vent pipe 
can exceed fifty feet in length, nor can any main vent be 
of less diameter than the largest branch vent connecting 
to same. 

Q. — When fixtures are arranged in groups how must 
they be back vented and what size pipe must be used? 

A. — When the plumbing fixtures installed in any 
building are arranged in groups or batteries, "yoke type" 
ventilation may be installed, provided that for batteries 

37 




Low Flush Tank 



^-Gasket Joint 
^ 2 " Flush Pipe 




SIPHON -JET WATER CLOSET WITHIN FIVE FEET OF SOIL LINE 

38 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

of water closets each fixture shall be set not more than 
two (2) feet distant from the horizontal branch soil 
pipe into which it discharges, and for batteries of fix- 
tures other than water closets each fixture shall be so 
located that its trap will be not more than two (2) feet 
distant from the horizontal branch waste line into which 
it discharges. When the ordinary type of venting is 
installed and the number of branch or back vents from 
the traps of fixtures connecting to any main branch 
vent exceeds the number and size given in the follow- 
ing table, a three-inch main branch vent must be pro- 
vided for the additional vent connections. 

2-1 y 2 inch branches on a iy 2 inch main branch. 

4-2 inch braiches on a 2 inch main branch. 

7-1 Yz inch branches on a 2 inch main branch. 

Wx/ \ mcn branches on a 2 inch main branch. 

fi l U \ inc ^ branc ^ es on a 2 inch main branch. 



Traps 

Q. — Can any type of fixture trap be installed in this 
city? 

A. — No form of trap will be permitted to be used 
unless it has been approved by the Superintendent of 
Buildings or the Board of Standards and Appeals. 

No anti-siphon trap or deep-seal siphon- jet fixture 
shall be approved until it has successfully passed such 
test as may be prescribed by the Board of Standards 
and Appeals. 

Q. — Name the type of traps that are prohibited. 
Under what conditions are tide valves permitted? 

A. — No masons' cesspool, bell, pot, bottle or D-trap 
will be permitted, nor any form of trap that is not self- 
cleaning, nor that has interior chamber or mechanism, 
nor any trap except earthenware ones that depend upon 
interior partitions for a seal. Backwater or tide valves 

39 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

will only be permitted when it can be shown to the satis- 
faction of the Superintendent of Buildings that their i*se 
is absolutely necessary and of a type as approved by him. 

Q. — Must each fixture be separately trapped; where 
must the -fixture trap be placed? 

A. — Every fixture must be separately trapped by a 
water-sealing trap placed as close to the fixture outlet 
as possible, and no trap shall be placed more than two 
feet no inches from any fixture. 

Q. — May the sink trap be used to receive the waste 
water pipe of wash trays? 

A. — A set of not more than three wash trays may 
connect with a single trap, or into the trap of an ad- 
joining sink, provided both sink and tub waste outlets 
are on the same side of the waste line, and the sink is 
nearest the line. When so connected, the waste-pipe 
from the wash-trays must be branched in below the 
seal. 

Q. — When trapping fixtures what precautions must be 
taken? 

A. — The discharge from any fixture must not pass 
through more than one trap before reaching the house- 
drain. 

All traps must be well supported and set true with re- 
spect to their water levels. 

Q. — How must the waste pipe be protected from ob- 
struction? 

A. — All fixtures, other than water-closets and uri- 
nals, must have strong metallic strainers or bars over 
the outlets to prevent obstruction of the waste-pipe. 

Q. — Must traps be provided with cleanout screws. 
Where must the cleanouts be inserted? 

A. — All exposed or accessible traps, except water- 
closet traps, must have brass trap screws for cleaning 
the trap placed on the inlet side, or below the water 
level. 

40 



Plumbing Questions and Answer 



Flush ^ 
Valve —^ 



B-SOY/fo* 

Brass-"" 
CO. Plug 

3xB"Te'e 

3 Oa I v.lron 
l!$!f6 Trap 




l-2* 



=t \ s Wiped Joini 

' Brass 

Soldering 

Nipple 



PROPER CONNECTIONS FOR FLOOR TYPE URINAL 



Q. — What type trap must be used for house drain, 
leader, yard and area drains? What size cleanouts must 
be used on this type trap and how would traps be pro- 
tected if placed underground? 

A. — All iron traps for house-drain, yard and other 
drains and leaders must be running traps with hand- 
hole cleanouts of full size of the traps, when same are 
less than five (5) inches. All traps under ground must 
be made accessible by brick manholes with proper covers. 

Q. — Where must the overflow pipe from a fixture be 
connected to the trap? 

41 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

A. — Overflow pipes from fixtures must in all cases 
be connected on the inlet side of traps. 

Q. — How must the connection between earthenware 
W . C. traps and soil pipe be made? 

A. — All earthenware traps must have approved heavy 
brass floor plates properly secured to the branch soil 
pipe and bolted to the trap flange, and the joint made 
gas-tight. The use of rubber washers for floor connec- 
tions is prohibited. All floor flanges must be set in 
place and inspected before any water-closet is set 
thereon. 

Q. — What size trap and waste pipe should be provided 
for plunge baths? How must the waste be installed and 
trap vented? 

A. — Every plunge bath shall be provided with a 
trap at least four inches in diameter, the waste from 
trap to bath to be reduced to two inches in diameter and 
this waste to be controlled by a gate valve. Overflow 
pipes, if provided, must be connected on inlet side of 
trap. Except where an approved anti-siphon trap is 
installed in the manner specified in Rule 91, such trap 
must be ventilated by a separate vent line extended above 
the roof, of the same size as trap and water connection. 

Q. — What are the smallest size traps permitted for 
water-closets, slop sinks, kitchen sinks, wash trays, 
urinals, shower baths, other fixtures? 

A. — The sizes for traps must not be less than those 
given in the following table : 

Traps for water-closets 4 inches in diameter 

Traps for slop sinks 3 inches in diameter 

Traps for kitchen sinks 2 inches in diameter 

Traps for wash trays 2 inches in diameter 

Traps for urinals 2 inches in diameter 

Traps for shower-baths 2 inches in diameter 

Traps for other fixtures \y 2 inches in diameter 

Q. — Must the main soil or waste lines be trapped? 

42 



Plumbing Questions and A n s w e r s 




X^-tW/Y MSTE L/M5 
'/My VENTJLW£ 



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WfiSTZ l///£. 



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O/Z tV/7JT£ 1///JFS 




A. — No trap shall be placed at the foot of main soil 
and waste pipe lines. 

43 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

Traps for leaders, area, floor and other drains must 
be at least three inches in diameter. 

Q. — How must the waste pipe of dental cuspidors be 
connected? 

A. — Every dental cuspidor must be separately trapped 
by a trap of at least one and one-half (ij4) inches in 



^Jjah. Iron Pipe 
Brass Plug 



Boor Drain with Screwed P-lrap 
f^-fCast Iron Pipe 




3 P-Trap 
Cas+ Iron Connection to Floor Drain 



diameter, which shall be vented except where an ap- 
proved anti-siphon trap is installed in the manner pre- 
viously stated, and placed as close to the fixture as pos- 
sible. The connection between trap and cuspidor may 
be three-quarters (£4) of an inch in diameter. 

q # — What fixtures are permitted to be installed with 
indirect waste pipes? What size waste pipe must be 
used for such fixtures? Is it necessary to back vent the 
traps of drinking fountains? 

A. — No plumbing fixtures, except bar sinks, soda 

44 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

fountains or drinking fountains, shall be installed with 
an indirect waste connection to the plumbing and drain- 
age system. The waste of every bar sink, soda foun- 
tain and drinking fountain, if not directly connected, 
must discharge over a properly water-supplied, trapped 
sink, with trap vented, unless an approved anti-siphon 
trap is installed in the manner previously stated. The 
main waste lines shall be two (2) inches in diameter, 
and the branches to fixtures at least one and one-half 
(1^2) inches in diameter. Drinking fountains must be 
trapped and the waste line extended through the roof. 
No vent connections need be provided. 




l/g Galv. Iron Pfpe-> 
Brass CO. Plug*, 



I 1 /? Galv. Iron ^ 
HalfSTrap^'-M 




Brass CO. Plug 

/'//VVt 

y/£x/£W Tee 




^"Casihroa 
■ P-Trap] 



Drinking Cost ' ron Connection 
Fountain +° Drinkina, Fountain 



CAST IRON AND SCREW PIPE CONNECTIONS 
FOR DRINKING FOUNTAINS 



45 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 



Safe and Refrigerator Waste Pipes 

Q. — If installing refrigerator or safe waste-pipes, what 
kind of pipe must be used, and what size pipe must be 
used for the main waste and branches? 

A. — Safe and refrigerator waste-pipes must be of 
galvanized iron, and be not less than one and one-quarter 
inch in diameter nor larger than one and one-half inch 
in diameter with pipe branches at least one inch in 
diameter with strainers over each inlet. 

Q. — Must refrigerator waste pipes be trapped? 

A. — Safe and refrigerator waste-pipes shall not be 
trapped. They must discharge over a properly water- 
supplied, trapped sink, with trap vented unless an ap- 
proved anti-siphon trap is installed in the manner pre- 
viously stated, such sink to be publicly placed, and 
not more than four feet above the floor. In no case 
shall any refrigerator or safe waste-pipe discharge over 
a sink located in a room used for living purposes. 

Q. — How must branch waste pipes for refrigerators 
connect to the waste line? 

A. — The branches on vertical lines must be made 
by Y or TY fittings and carried up to the safe with 
as much pitch as possible. 

Q. — Where lead safes are used how must they be in- 
stalled? 

A. — Lead safes must be graded and neatly turned 
over bevel strips at their edges. 

Q. — How must offsets or change in direction be made 
on the refrigerator waste-pipe? 

A. — Where there is an offset on a refrigerator waste- 
pipe in the cellar, there must be cleanouts to control the 
horizontal part of the pipe. 

46 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

Q. — Must the refrigerator waste line be carried above 
the roof? 



h 







Roof 



Strainer 



3rd. Floor 



<-- Drainage F/'ff/hp 
cW Floor 



7 



7*- 



1st. Floor 



KO. 



REFRIGERATOR WASTE FOR TENEMENTS 

A. — In all lodgings and tenement houses the safe and 
refrigerator waste-pipes must extend above the roof. 



47 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 



Water Closets, Sinks and Washtubs 

Q. — What are the requirements for water closet ac- 
commodations in buildings? 

A. — In all buildings occupied as stores, dwellings, 
lodging or boarding houses, hotels, offices, lofts, work- 
shops, factories or storage houses, there must be at 
least one water-closet in each building. There must 
be sufficient water-closets so that there will never be 
more than fifteen persons to each water-closet. In places 
of public assembly, the number of toilets and the most 
available location are to be determined by the Superin- 
tendent of Buddings. 

Q. — Does the above answer completely cover the 
water-closet accommodations in all classes of buildings? 

A. — No ; special regulations govern tenements and fac- 
tory buildings. For factory buildings see factory laws 
of the State Labor Department. For tenements see 
Tenement House Laws. 

Q. — In buildings used for business purposes, public 
assembly or hotels must separate toilet rooms be pro- 
vided for men and women? 

A. — Separate water-closets and toilet rooms must 
be provided for each sex in buildings used as work- 
shops, lofts, office buildings, factories, hotels, and all 
places of public assembly. 

Q. — What are the rules governing water-closet ac- 
commodations in lodging houses? 

A. — In lodging houses, there must be one water- 
closet on each floor, and where there are more than fif- 
teen persons on any floor there must be an additional 
water-closet on that floor for every fifteen additional per- 
sons or fraction thereof. 

48 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

Q. — How must the floor and walls be constructed in 
water-closet apartments? 

A. — In tenement houses, lodging houses, factories, 
workshops, and all public buildings, the entire water- 
closet apartment, and side walls to a height of six inches 
from the floor, except at the door, must be made water- 
proof with asphalt, cement, tile, metal or other water- 
proof material as approved by the Superintendent of 
Buildings. 



'Replead 



4?0z Brass 
Floor Flange 




*| Section A-A J 



HEAVY FLOOR FLANGE AND CONNECTION 



Q. — Is it necessary to use a floor slab when setting 
W. C. bowl? 

A. — Every earthenware water-closet with connection 
through the floor in all new work, and in all alterations, 
must be set on an approved floor slab of porcelain, slate 
or other material impervious to moisture, same to be not 
less in size than the base of the water-closet set thereon. 

Q. — Of what material must W . C. bowls be made, and 
how set? 

A. — All water-closets must have earthenware flush- 
ing rim bowls. They must be set entirely free and open 
from all enclosing woodwork. 

49 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

Q. — Are long hopper W. C. bowls permitted? 

A. — Long hopper water-closets will not be permitted, 
except earthenware hoppers where there is an exposure 
to frost. 

Q. — May drip trays be installed on W. C. bowls? 

A. — Drip trays on water-closets will not be per- 
mitted. 

Q. — May water-closets or urinals be directly connected 
with the domestic water supply of a building? 

A. — Water-closets and urinals must never be con- 
nected directly with or flushed from the water-supply 
pipes, except when flushometer valves are used. 




WALL TYPE WATER CLOSET DETAILS 



Q. — How must W . C. apartments be ventilated? 

A. — In all buildings, the water-closet and urinal 
apartments must be ventilated to the outer air by win- 
dows opening on the same lot upon which the building is 
situated or by a ventilating skylight placed over each 
room or apartment wherein such fixtures are located. 

50 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

Q. — How must partitions forming W. C. apartments 
be constructed? 

A. — In all buildings, the outside partition of any 
water-closet or urinal apartment must be air-tight and 
extend to the ceiling or be independently ceiled over. 
When necessary to properly light such apartments, the 
upper part of the partitions must be provided with trans- 
lucent glass. The interior partitions of such apartments 
must be dwarfed partitions. 



2 Dh. Lead Pipe, 



Wipedjoirris 



* x? Flush Valve 





A Lead Pipe 



Brass Caulking 
Ferrule 



4ClPipe 



2-90 
Elbow i 



Cast Iron Connection 
to Water Closet 



j/4 "Diarn. Lead Bend 

Oalv Iron Coupling 

f 4" Oaf v. Iron Pipe 



Nipple Wiped v Brass Soldering Nipple 
Joint 

WROUGHT IRON AND CAST IRON CLOSET CONNECTIONS 



Q. — May the general W. C. accommodations of a 
building be placed in the cellar or outside the building? 

A. — The general water-closet accommodation of any 
building cannot be placed in the cellar, nor can any 

SI 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

water-closet be placed outside of a building except to 
replace an existing water-closet. 

Q. — How must an interior room, used for a W. C. 
apartment, which has no window to the outer air or sky- 
light, be ventilated? 

A. — In alteration work where it is not practicable to 
ventilate a water-closet or urinal apartment by windows 
or a skylight directly to the outer air, there may be pro- 
vided a galvanized wrought iron vent duct extended to 
the outer air which must be equal in area to at least one 
hundred and forty- four square inches for one water- 
closet or urinal, and an additional seventy-two square 
inches for each water-closet added therein. 

Q. — May W . C. seat be supported on iron legs? 

A- — Where water-closets will not support a rim-seat, 
the seat must be supported on galvanized iron legs. 

Q. — How must the water supply to W. C. and urinals 
be connected? 

A. — Each water-closet and urinal must be flushed 
from a separate cistern, the water from which is used 
for no other purpose, or may be flushed through flusho- 
meter valves. 

Q. — Where flush-valves are used how must they be 
supplied? 

A— Where "Flushometers" are used, they must be 
supplied from tank pressure, unless otherwise permitted 
by the Superintendent of Buildings ; the rising lines shall 
be at least one and one-half inches in diameter, and the 
branches shall be at least one and one-quarter inches in 
diameter for water-closets and three-quarters inch in 
diameter for urinals. 

Q. — Where may the overfow of water-closet cisterns 
discharge? 

A. — The overflow of cisterns may discharge into the 
bowl of the closet, but in no case connect with any part 
of the drainage system. 

52 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

Q. — May iron cisterns or automatic flush valves be 
installed for water-closets or urinals? 

A. — Iron water-closet and urinal cisterns and auto- 
matic water-closet and urinal cisterns are prohibited, un- 
less approved by the Superintendent of Buildings. 

Q. — How may wood cisterns for W. C. and urinals 
be lined? 

A. — The copper lining of water-closet and urinal cis- 
terns must not be lighter than ten (10) ounce copper. 

Q. — Where flush pipes are installed what size and 
grade of pipe must be used? 

A. — Water-closet flush pipes must not be less than 
one and one-fourth inches and urinal flush pipes one 
(1) inch in diameter, and if of lead must not weigh 
less than two and one-half pounds and two pounds per 
linear foot. Flush couplings must be of full size of the 
pipe. 

0. — May connection between flush pipe and W. C. 
bowl be made with rubber connections? 

A. — Rubber connections and elbows are not permitted 
on flush pipes. 

Q. — May Latrines or trough water-closets be installed? 

A. — Latrines, trough water-closets and similar ap- 
pliances may be used only on written permit from the 
said Superintendent of Buildings, and must be set and 
arranged as may be required by the terms of the permit. 

Q. — What type of urinals and Urinal apartments may 
be used? 

A. — All urinals must be constructed of materials im- 
pervious to moisture, and that will not corrode under the 
action of urine. The floor and wall of the urinal apart- 
ments must be lined with similar non-absorbent and non- 
corrosive material. 

Q. — May the platforms or treads of urinals be directly 
connected with the plumbing system? 

A. — The platforms of treads of urinal stalls must 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

never be connected independently to the plumbing sys- 
tem, nor can they be connected to any safe waste-pipe. 

Q. — Where trough W . C. or urinals are installed of 
what material must they be constructed? 

A. — Iron trough water-closets and trough urinals must 
be enameled or galvanized. 

Q. — May sinks be inclosed with woodwork? 

A. — In all houses, sinks must be entirely open, on 
iron legs or brackets without any inclosing woodwork. 

Q. — May wooden or cement wash tubs be installed? 

A. — Wooden wash tubs are prohibited, except when 
used in hotels, restaurants or bottling establishments 
for washing dishes or bottles. Cement or artificial stone 
tubs will not be permitted unless approved by the Super- 
intendent of Buildings. 



Water Supply for Fixtures 

Q. — Must all plumbing fixtures be water supplied? 
Where fixtures are supplied from flush tank what size 
tanks should be used? 

A. — All water-closets and other plumbing fixtures 
must be provided with a sufficient supply of water for 
flushing to keep them in a proper and cleanly condition. 

Flush tanks must have a capacity of eight gallons for 
water-closets and five gallons for urinals. 

Q. — How must house service pipes be connected with 
street mains? 

A. — House service pipes must be connected to the 
street mains by means of taps, and a stop-cock or valve 
placed under the sidewalk at the curb, in compliance 
with the rules and under the supervision of the De- 
partment of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity. 

Note. — The connection and inspection of service pipes 

54 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

for water supply is now under the supervision of the Bu- 
reau of Engineering, Department of Water Supply, Gas 
and Electricity. The size of tap or connection is com- 
puted according to the combined floor area of the build- 
ing. Corporation taps are installed in sizes from five- 
eighth inch up to two inch. For connections larger than 
two inch fittings or wet connections are installed. 

Q. — How must the house main for water supply be 
controlled at the front wall zvhere it enters the building? 

A. — A separate stop or valve must be placed upon the 
service pipe inside the front wall. 

Q. — What is the smallest size of service pipes per- 
mitted to be installed for different classes of buildings? 

A. — The diameters of street service pipes must not be 
less than three-quarter inch for dwellings and tenements 
occupied by six families or less ; one inch for tenements 
or apartment houses occupied by more than six families 
and one and one-half inch for hotels, factories and other 
miscellaneous buildings, provided that in no case can the 
diameter of the service pipes be less than the diameter of 
the tap installed under the supervision of the Department 
of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity. 



Riser Lines 

Q. — What is the smallest size rizer lines permitted? 
How must the riser and branches from same be con- 
trolled? 

A. — The diameter of all riser lines in plumbing 
systems shall be not less than three-quarters (24) 
inches; except that when lead or brass is used, the 
minimum diameter may be one-half (^2) inch. 

Separate stop-cocks or valves, so located as to be 
accessible at all times, shall be placed at the foot of 
each riser line and, in all buildings other than residence 

55 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

buildings occupied exclusively by one or two families 
or having not more than fifteen sleeping rooms, on each 
branch line from the riser for each isolated fixture or 
each group of fixtures, such as bathroom fixtures, kitchen 
fixtures, etc. ; except that only one stop-cock or valve 
shall be required for the fixtures contained in any one 
apartment, suite, store or loft occupied by one tenant 
when all the fixtures contained in each such apartment, 
suite, store or loft are supplied from one branch line. 

Q. — What is the smallest size pipe permitted for water 
supply branches to fixtures? 

A. — Diameters of branches to any fixtures must not 
be less than one-half inch, except when used to supply 
water-closets, cisterns or lavatories. When the material 
used is lead or brass pipe, the minimum diameter may 
be three-eighths inch. Branches for flush valves for 
water-closets must not be less than one and one-quarter 
inch in diameter and for urinals not less than three- 
quarters of an inch in diameter. 

Q. — What type of W. C. bowls are prohibited? 

A. — Pan, plunger, offset-washout and washout, or 
other water-closets having an unventilated space, or the 
walls of which are not thoroughly washed out at each dis- 
charge, will not be permitted. 

Q. — At what distance apart should the hot and cold 
water risers be installed? 

A. — Where a hot water supply system is installed, 
the distance between the hot and cold water risers 
should not be less than six inches. Where it is im- 
possible to place them six inches or more apart, the hot 
water riser must be covered with an approved insulating 
material and a method of circulation provided that will 
insure a prompt delivery of hot water at the faucee 
when required. 

Q. — How should risers and branches be supported? 

A. — All risers and branches must be properly fastened. 

56 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

Q. — Where the street pressure is insufficent to prop- 
erly supply all fixtures, what other equipment is re- 
quired? 

A. — When the water pressure is not sufficient to sup- 
ply freely and continuously all fixtures, a house supply 
tank must be provided of sufficient size to afford an ample 
supply of water to all fixtures at all times. Such tanks 
must be supplied from the pressure or by power pumps, 
as may be necessary ; when from the pressure, ball cocks 
must be provided. 

0. — Where house tanks are used for the water supply 
of a building how must the water be protected from 
contamination? 

A. — House supply tanks must be metal-covered so 
as to exclude dust and so located as to prevent water 
contamination by gas and odors from plumbing fixtures. 

Q. — Of what material must house tanks be con- 
structed? 

A. — House supply tanks must be of wood or iron or 
or wood lined with tinned and planished copper. 

Q. — How must house tanks be supported? 

A. — House tanks must be supported on iron beams. 
For tank supports see section 428 of the building code. 

Q. — How should the overflow pipe from house tank 
he connected? 

A. — The overflow pipe should discharge upon the roof, 
where possible, and in such cases should be brought down 
to within six (6) inches of the roof, or it must be trap- 
ped and discharged over an open and water-supplied sink 
not in the same room, nor over three and one-half feet 
above the floor. In no case shall the overflow be con- 
nected with any part of the plumbing system. 

(?. — How must emptying pipes for house tanks be con- 
nected? What size must they be and how controlled? 

A. — Emptying pipes for such tanks must be provided 
and be discharged in the manner required for overflow 

57 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

pipes, and may be branched into overflow pipes. Empty- 
ing pipes for tanks containing more than five hundred 
(500) gallons must be four (4) inches in diameter and 
provided with a valve of same size fitted with a wheel or 
lever handle. 



Acid Waste 

Q. — What size and kind of pipe is required for acid 
waste? How must this waste connect to the plumbing 
system and how must joints be made on acid waste pipe? 

A. — Acid wastes must be "B" lead pipe or earthen 
pipe; if of lead pipe they must be at least two inches 
in diameter, and if of earthen pipe at least three inches 
in diameter. They must be extended through roof for 
ventilation and continued down to the lower story of 
building and so arranged as to discharge into a lime 
box and diluting sink properly trapped and vented and 
connected inside of house trap. If the lime box and 
diluting sink is not used the acid waste must be ex- 
tended to an earthen house sewer or separately and in- 
dependently connected to a public or private service in 
street and provided with an accessible running trap lo- 
cated just inside of front wall of building. All branches 
and joints on lead acid wastes must be made by means of 
burnt lead joints. If earthenware pipe is used, vertical 
joints must be made with a mixture of asphaltum 
and cement. Each length of pipe on vertical runs and 
on horizontal runs when above the cellar floor must be 
supported at each hub by proper supports. All floor 
drains and fixture connections must be trapped and run 
as direct as possible. 



58 



Plumbing Questionsand Answers 



&MrJ*y#7i?#/esi 




ACID WASTE WITH INDIRECT CONNECTION AND LIME BOX 



59 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 




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60 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 



Sewage Lift 

Q. — How must sewage lift of sewage ejector be con- 
nected? How must a sump system be installed in re- 
lation to the plumbing system of a building? 

A. — When it is necessary to use a sump system and 
sewage lift to receive the discharge from the waste or 
soil connection of fixtures, same shall be arranged to 
be accessible. If discharged with compressed air it 
shall be connected to the house drain on the sewer side 
of all leader or area drain traps and fixture connec- 
tions or may be connected to house drain on the sewer 
side of house trap. A separate trap and fresh air inlet 
must be provided on the inlet side of sump and a four- 
inch pipe line continued from drain discharging into 
sump up to and above roof, for purposes of ventilation. 
Relief pipes must be provided on sewage receptacles of 
sumps. Traps of fixtures connected to sump systems 
must not be vented to vent lines which are used to venti- 
late traps of fixtures on gravity system. Sump sys- 
tems should be entirely separate both as to discharge and 
venting from rest of plumbing system in buildings. 

For connections and installation of sump system see 
following page. 

The connection shown in broken lines to Y branch in 
front of house is where mechanical force is used to 
discharge the contents of sump. 



61 



Plumbing Questions and Answer 



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62 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 



Oil Separators 

Q. — What is required for the installation of oil 
separators? 

A. — Oil separators installed in any building where 
volatile fluids are used must be arranged to be readily 
accessible. They must not receive the discharge of any 
water-closet, rain leader, yard, court or area drain. 

They must, if discharged by gravity, be connected by 
a Y branch fitting to the house drain behind the house 
trap in such a manner that they will not interfere with 
the house drain and the rest of the plumbing and drain- 
age system. When mechanical force is used to discharge 
the contents, the connection must be made by a Y branch 
fitting on the sewer side of house trap. 

No separate running trap need be provided on the drain 
entering oil separators, but a separate fresh air inlet and 
vent line must be provided to keep the system of drain- 
age controlled by the oil separator entirely separate from 
the rest of plumbing and drainage system. 

The size of fresh air inlet shall be determined by the 
size of inlet connection to oil separator, which shall be 
considered the same as the term house-drain for de- 
termining the size of all fresh air inlets, which shall con- 
form to the same requirements as regards size and ar- 
rangement of terminals for fresh air inlets as called for 
in regulations. 

Vent lines shall conform in all respects to vent lines 
tor plumbing fixtures as regards size and arrangement. 

Relief pipes must be provided at least one and one-half 
inches in diameter. They may be connected to a vent 
line when installed as a separate system or must be car- 
ried independently above the roof. 

63 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 



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64 



P I u m b i n g Questions and Answers 



Modifications 

Q. — Can a modication of any section of the plumb- 
ing rules be granted by the Superintendent of Buildings? 

A. — When for any reason it may be impracticable to 
comply strictly with the foregoing rules, the Superin- 
tendent of Buildings shall have power to modify their 
provisions so that the spirit and substance thereof shall 
be complied with. Such modications shall be indorsed 
upon the permit over the signature of the Superin- 
tendent of Buildings. 



Testing the Plumbing System 

Q. — Must the installation of a plumbing system be 
tested? By whom should this test be made? 

A. — The entire plumbing and drainage system within 
the building must be tested by the plumber, in the pres- 
ence of a plumbing inspector, under a water test. All 
pipes must remain uncovered in every part until they 
have successfully passed the test. The plumber must 
securely close all openings, as directed by the Inspector 
of Plumbing. The use of wooden plugs for this purpose 
is prohibited. 

Q. — How must the water test be applied for the entire 
system or for different sections? 

A. — The water test will be applied by closing the 
lower end of the main house-drain and filling the pipes 
to the highest opening above the roof with water. The 
water test shall include at one time the house drain and 
branches, all vertical and horizontal soil, waste and vent 
and leader lines and all branches therefrom to a point 

65 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

above the surface of the finished floor and beyond the 
finished face of walls and partitions. If the drain or 
any part of the system is to be tested separately, there 
must be a head of water at least six (6) feet above all 
parts of the work so tested, and special provision must 
be made for including all points and connections in at 
least one test 

Q. — Is any other test required other than the zvater 
test, if so what kind? 

A. — After the completion of the plumbing work in any 
new or altered building and before the building is oc- 
cupied, a final smoke test must be applied in the presence 
of a Plumbing Inspector. Except that for a building 
not over six stories in height, a peppermint test may 
be applied. 

Q. — By whom should the material be supplied for a 
peppermint test and how much peppermint should be 
used to apply this test? 

A. — The material and labor for the test must be fur- 
nished by the plumber. When the peppermint test is 
used, two ounces of oil of peppermint must be provided 
for each line up to five stories and cellar in height and 
an additional ounce of oil of peppermint must be pro- 
vided for each line when lines are more than five stories 
in height. 

Plumbing of Tenement Houses 

Q. — Have the plumbing rules of the Tenement House 
Department any relation to the plumbing rules of the 
Building Department? 

A. — All sections or parts of sections of the tenement 
house law relating to plumbing and drainage of tene- 
ment houses are to be observed, and are hereby made a 
part of these rules and regulations. 

66 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 



Gas Piping and Fixtures 

Q. — May gas outlets be placed at any part of the 
building? 

A. — Gas outlets for burners shall not be placed under 
tanks, back of doors or within four feet of any meter. 

Q. — How must the size of piping for gas -fitting be 
computed? 

A. — All buildings shall be piped according to the fol- 
lowing scale: 

Diameter Length Burners 

H inch 26 feet 8 

Yz inch. 36 feet 6 

y A inch 60 feet 20 

1 inch 80 feet 35 

W A inch 110 feet 60 

iy 2 inch 160 feet 100 

2 inch 200 feet 200 

iy 2 inch 300 feet 800 

8 inch 450 feet 450 

zy 2 inch 500 feet 600 

4 inch 600 feet 750 

Q. — What size outlets must be installed for gas ranges 
and how must this outlet be controlled? 

A. — Outlets for gas ranges shall have a diameter not 
less than required for six burners, and all gas ranges 
and heaters shall have a straightway cock on service pipe. 

Q. — Is brass tubing permitted to be used as gas piping 
outside of plaster or woodwork? 

A. — When brass piping is used on the outside of 
plastering or woodwork, it shall be classed as fixtures. 

Q. — What gauge tubing shall be used on gas fixture 
work, and how must connections be made between tubing 
and fittings? 

A. — All brass tubing used for arms and stems of fix- 
tures shall be at least No. 18 standard gauge and full 
size outside so as to cut a full thread. 

All threads on brass pipe shall screw in at least five- 
sixteenths of an inch. All rope or square tubing shall 



67 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

be brazed or soldered into fittings and distributors, or 
have a nipple brazed into the tubing. 

Q. — Where brass fittings are used such as cocks, 
swing joints, etc., how must they be constructed? 

A. — All cast fittings, such as cocks, swing joints, 
double centres, nozzles, etc., shall be extra heavy brass. 
The plugs of all cocks must be ground to a smooth and 
true surface for their entire length, be free from sand- 
holes, have not less than three-quarters of an inch bear- 
ing (except in cases of special design), have two flat 
sides on the end for the washer, and have two nuts in- 
stead of a tail screw. All stop pins to keys or cocks 
shall be screwed into place. 

Q. — What test is required on all jobs of gas fitting? 

A. — After all piping is fitted and fastened and all 
outlets capped up, there must be applied by the plumber, 
in the presence of an inspector of the Bureau of Build- 
ings, a test with air to a pressure equal to a column of 
mercury six inches in height, and the same to stand for 
five minutes; only mercury gauge shall be used. No 
piping shall be covered up, nor shall any fixture, gas 
heater or range be connected thereto until a card show- 
ing the approval of this test has been issued by the 
Superintendent of Buildings. 

Q. — Would the gas company install a meter or supply 
gas to a joh that has not been tested? 

A. — No meter will be set by any gas company until 
a certificate is filed with them from the Bureau of Build- 
ings certifying that the gas pipes and fixtures comply 
with the foregoing rules. 

Q. — How must all outlets be protected when install- 
ing new work? 

A. — All outlets and risers shall be left capped until 
covered by fixtures. 

Q. — Are unions or running threads permitted to be 
used on gas fitting? Where it is necessary to make re- 

68 



Plumbing Questionsand Answers 

pairs on long runs of piping how may connections be 
made without removing the entire run of pipe? 

A. — No unions or running threads shall be permitted. 
Where necessary to cut out to repair leaks or make ex- 
tensions, pipe shall be again put together with right and 
left couplings. 

Q. — May gas Utters' cement be used for installing gas 
piping? 

A. — No gas fitters' cement shall be used, except in 
putting fixtures together. 

Q. — What is the minimum distance belozv the ceiling 
that gas outlets must be located? What governs this 
distance? Are szving brackets permitted? Wliat is the 
minimum length for gas brackets? How must gas out- 
lets be protected when placed near combustible material? 

A. — All gas brackets and fixtures shall be placed so 
that the burners of same are not less than three feet be- 
low any ceiling or woodwork, unless the same is properly 
protected by a shield, in which case the distance shall 
not be less than eighteen inches. 

No swinging or folding gas brackets shall be placed 
against any stud partition or woodwork. 

No gas brackets on any lath and plaster partition or 
woodwork shall be less than five inches in length, meas- 
ured from the burner to the plaster surface or wood- 
work. 

Gas lights placed near window curtains or any other 
combustible material shall be protected by a proper 
shield. 

q. — What kind of fittings must be used for installing 
gas piping. 

A. — All fittings (except stop-cocks or valves) shall 
be of malleable iron. 

Q. — How must the gas service be controlled where it 
enters the building. 

A. — There shall be a heavy brass straightway cock 

69 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

or valve on the service pipe immediately inside the front 
foundation wall. Iron cocks or valves are not permitted. 

Q. — What is the best location to install gas risers? 

A. — Where it is not impracticable so to do, all risers 
shall be left not more than five feet from front wall. 

Q. — How should all gas piping be layed to insure a 
good job? How should it be protected from dampness? 

A. — No pipe shall be laid so as to support any weight 
(except fixtures) or be subjected to any strain what- 
soever. All pipe shall be properly laid and fastened to 
prevent becoming trapped, and shall be laid, when prac- 
ticable, above timbers or beams instead of beneath them. 
Where running lines or branches cross beams, they must 
do so within thirty-six inches of the end of the beams, 
and in no case shall the said pipes be let into the beams 
more than two inches in depth. Any pipe laid in a cold 
or damp place shall be properly dripped, protected and 
painted with two coats of red lead and boiled oil or 
tarred. 

Q. — How must gas piping be layed in concrete or ce- 
ment floors to protect it from corrosion? 

A. — No gas pipe shall be laid in cement or concrete 
unless the pipe or channel in which it is placed is well 
covered with tar. 

Q. — How must ceiling drops be fastened and how far 
below the finished plaster must the drop terminate? 

A. — All drops must be set plumb and securely fast- 
ened, each one having at least one solid strap. Drops 
and outlets less than three-quarters of an inch in diameter 
shall not be left more than one inch below plastering, 
centrepieces or woodwork. 

Q. — Is it the duty of the plumbing inspector to in- 
spect the installation of gas piping in new and old build- 
ings? 

A— Hereafter the gas piping and fixtures in all new 
buildings and all alterations and extensions made to the 

70 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

gas piping or fixtures in old buildings must be done in 
accordance with the following rules, which are made in 
accordance with the provision of section 89 of the Build- 
ing Code. 

For additional requirements of public buildings, thea- 
tres, and places of assemblage, see Part XXI of the 
Building Code. 

Q. — Is it necessary to be a registered master plumber 
to install new gas piping or make alterations to same? 

A. — Before the construction or alteration of any gas 
piping in any building or part of any building, a permit 
must be obtained from the Superintendent of Buildings. 
This permit will be issued only to a registered plumber. 
Small alterations may be made by notifying the Bureau 
of Buildings, using the same blank forms provided for 
alterations and repairs to plumbing. 

Q.—What grade and quality of pipe must be used for 
installing gas piping? 

A. — All gas pipe shall be of best quality wrought iron 
or steel and of the kind classed as standard pipe, and 
shall weigh according to the following scale : 

Weights per 

Diameters Linear Foot 

H inch 0.56 pound 

X A inch 0.85 pound 

H inch 1.12 pound 

1 inch 1.67 pound 

1 Va inch 2.24 pounds 

1H inch 2.68 pounds 

2 inch 3.6I pounds 

254 inch 5.75 pounds 

3 inch 7.54 pounds 

3H inch 9.00 pounds 

4 inch 10.66 pounds 

No pipe allowed of less than H inch in diameter. 



71 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

Anti-Siphon Traps 

A hearing was held by the Board of Standards and 
Appeals of New York City on Dec. 27, 1918, in refer- 
ence to changing the rules and regulations governing 
plumbing in the city of New York. 

The changes voted upon at this meeting affected eight 
sections of the plumbing laws covering trap and back 
venting. 

Q. — What tests are required for anti-siphon traps or 
fixtures before such traps or fixtures shall be approved t 

INSTRUCTIONS 

1. The entire cost and responsibility for the installa- 
tion of the necessary equipment for such test shall be 
borne by the person or firm submitting the appliance. 

2. Such person or firm shall also furnish the board, 
together with the application for test, the following ma- 
terial and information. 

(a) A stock trap of the size and design to be tested, 
which shall be of the P and S type and shall be of 
lead or brass, cast in one piece, and without interior par- 
titions or mechanism. 

(b) A similar trap cut in half. 

(c) A similar trap, to be used in the test, provided 
with glass observation ports of sufficient size to permit 
clear observation of the action occurring within the trap 
during test, and such observation ports shall be so located 
that the amount of water seal remaining after each test 
can be readily observed. 

(d) An affidavit that the three traps submitted are 
regular stock traps. 

(e) A list of all cities, towns or municipalities where 
such trap has been officially approved for use without 
back venting. 

72 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

The testing apparatus shall be located within the City 
of New York, and in a place, building or structure to 
meet the approval of the testing authorities. Such appa- 
ratus shall be so located that every part is easily acces- 
sible for inspection. 

APPARATUS 

The apparatus shall consist of the following: 

A tank of not less than fifty nor more than one hun- 
dred and fifty gallons capacity, with adequate water sup- 
ply for refilling same during the test. 

A vertical wrought iron or steel pipe line fifty feet 
long, connected to the underside of the tank, and of the 
same internal diameter as the trap to be tested. 

A quick-opening valve, located ten feet below the 
underside of the tank. 

A TY fitting located two feet below the quick-open- 
ing valve, with horizontal branch pipe connected there- 
to, of the same diameter as the vertical line, this branch 
line not to exceed two feet in length, with a pitch to- 
wards the vertical line of two inches to the foot, and the 
trap to be tested shall be connected to this horizontal 
branch pipe. 

A wash basin, or fixture answering the same purpose, 
which can be conveniently connected or disconnected 
from the inlet side of the trap. 

The test shall be conducted as follows : 

FOR ANTI-SIPHON QUALITIES 

For the purpose of determining the efficiency of the 
trap, the tank shall be completely filled, a water seal 
established in the trap ; and : — 

The quick-opening valve shall be opened for five sec- 
onds, then closed for five seconds, and this alternating 
process repeated five times. 

The quick-opening valve shall be opened and the entire 
contents of the tank discharged at one time. 

73 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

The wash basin shall be connected to the trap, filled 
with water, and both wash basin and tank discharged 
simultaneously. The quick-opening valve shall be kept 
open until the entire contents of the tank has been dis- 
charged. 

The trap shall be disconnected and a bridge of solid 
soap formed across the lower half of the discharge end 
of the trap, so as to effectually block one-half of the 
clear water way, and the foregoing tests repeated. 

Each operation shall be repeated several times, if de- 
sired by the testing authorities. 

FOR SELF-CLEANSING QUALITIES 

For the purpose of determining its self-cleansing quali- 
ties, the trap shall be filled with sand and the wash basin 
filled with water and allowed to discharge. A similar 
operation shall be repeated with tea leaves, coffe grounds, 
sawdust and grated soap. 

FOR SERVICE QUALITIES 

The service qualities of the trap may be tested as fol- 
lows : 

A trap which has been in actual constant use for a 
period of not less than one year shall be removed under 
the supervision of a representative of the testing authori- 
ties, split into two halves, and submitted for inspection, 
for the purpose of determining whether sediment or 
coating of grease or other foreign matters has accumu- 
lated in the trap during service conditions. 

APPROVAL 

An approval shall not be issued for any anti-siphon 
trap which has been subjected to the foregoing tests un- 
less the trap has: 

i. Maintained its water seal throughout the test. 

2. Been successfully scoured of any foreign sut> 

74 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

tances placed in the trap, when water has been dis- 
charged through same. 

3. Upon inspection, after service, shown no excessive 
accumulation of grease or other foreign substance. 

Deep Seal Siphon-Jet Fixtures, or Anti-Siphon Fix- 
tures. 

Instructions Applicants for approval of deep seal 
siphon- jet or anti-siphon fixtures shall submit the fol- 
lowing with their application: — 

(a) A stock fixture of the size and design to be 
tested. 

(b) A similar fixture, cut in half. 

(c) A similar fixture, to be used in the test, provided 
with glass observation ports of sufficient size to permit 
clear observation of the action occurring within the fix- 
ture during test, and such observation ports shall be so 
located that the amount of water seal remaining after 
each test can be readily observed. 

(d) An affidavit that the three fixtures submitted are 
regular stock fixtures. 

APPARATUS 

The apparatus shall be similar to that required for 
anti-siphon traps, except that vertical and horizontal 
pipes shall have an internal diameter of three inches for 
testing slop sinks and four inches for testing water 
closets; tank shall have a capacity of not less than one 
hundred gallons and the fixture shall be provided with 
its usual water supply so that same may be flushed when 
required. 

TEST 

For the purpose of determining the efficiency of the 
fixture to maintain a water seal, it shall be tested in a 
manner similar to that prescribed for anti-siphon traps, 
except that no soap bridge need be provided at the outlet. 

75 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

Rules and Regulations for the Installation of 
Water Supply 

definition of terms 

The term city main is applied to all water mains that 
are constructed by, or under the supervision of, the De- 
partment of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity. 

The term private main is applied to water mains that 
are constructed by private water companies or consumers 
in the public highway. 

The term tap or wet connection is applied to connec- 
tions made by and under the supervision of the Depart- 
ment of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity to the city 
mains. 

The term house service is applied to that part of the 
main supply extending from the point of connection 
to the city main to the stop-cock or valve inside the front 
wall of building. 

The term curb stop is applied to the stop-cock or valve 
placed upon the service with an extending rod to the 
level of the walk. 

The term curb box is applied to the casing placed over 
the curb stop to protect the extending rod. 

The term main stop-cock or valve is applied to the con- 
trolling stop placed inside the front building wall. 

The term house main is applied to the main supply 
pipe extending from the main-stop or valve through the 
house cellar to its connections with the risers, pumps or 
suction tank. 

The term riser is applied to the vertical lines extending 
through the building from its connection with the house 
main or pump. 

The term tank line is applied to the vertical line 
through the building supplying tank water. 

The term hose-bib is applied to the faucet, valve or 
connection placed outside of a building or within the 
building for the use of a hose supply. 

76 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

GENERAL REGULATIONS 

Taps and Connections 

All taps or connections of any kind made to the city 
water mains are to be made by, and under the supervision 
of, the Department of Water Supply, Gas and Elec- 
tricity. No one but employees of the Department of 
Water Supply, Gas and Electricity shall make connec- 
tions of any kind to the city mains. 

All applications for a new tap or connection to the 
city mains must be accompanied with a copy of the ap- 
proved plans showing the area of floors and the intended 
use of the building. 

Applications for tap or connection must be made by a 
licensed plumber to the Bureau of Water Register, which 
will determine the size of tap, charge, kind of service 
pipe, and whether same is to be metered or not. 

All work in connection with taps or services, new or 
repair work, shall be under the supervision of the De- 
partment of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, and 
passed by inspectors connected with this department. 

The size and number of taps for any shall be com- 
puted upon the floors area of said building, according to 
the following table: 

7,500 square feet 1-^$" tap 

7,500 to 151,000 " " 1-Va" " 

15,000 to 20,000 " " 2-H" " 

20,000 to 30,000 " " 3-^"' or equivalent 

30,000 to 40,000 " " ±-H" " 

40,000 to 50^000 " " 5-H" V 

50,000 td 60|,000 " " &M" " 

For buildings over 60,000 square feet, size of connec- 
tions shall be decided by the Commissioner of the De- 
partment of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity. 

One inch is the largest screw tap allowed on eight inch 
mains. 

Two inch screw taps shall be placed only in mains ten 
inches or larger. 

77 



Plumbing Questions and Answers, 

No screw tap larger than two inches shall be permit- 
ted. 

Where connections larger than two inches are re- 
quired, they shall be made by wet connections. 

All two inch-connections to mains less than ten inches 
shall be made by wet connections. 

Connections to screw taps up to two inch shall be 
made by standard brass couplings furnished with the 
taps by the Department of Water Supply, Gas and 
Electricity, and leather washers. 

Connection between couplings and lead services must 
be made by wiped joints, and all work must be done in 
a thorough and workmanlike manner. 

Connections made between lead services and wet con- 
nections shall be made with a brass nipple not less than 
six inches in length, with a short thread on one hand, 
to which a follower is to be screwed to form a spiket 
end for caulking. Caulked joints must be made with 
picked oakum and molten lead and be made water-tight. 
Twelve ounces of fine, soft pig lead must be used at 
each joint for each inch diameter of pipe. 

Connections between galvanized iron services and wet 
connections shall be made by lead caulked joint as above 
stated including the follower placed on the end of the 
iron pipe: 

Services 

All work of repairing or installing of services shall be 
done by a registered licensed plumber. 

Notice must be left at the Bureau of Water Register, 
of the Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, 
by the plumber, fixing the day on which he wishes a tap 
or plug inserted. This notice must be given at or be- 
fore three o'clock, at least one day previous to the ex- 
cavation for the insertion of the said tap or plug. No. 
tap will be driven until the service shall have been laid. 

78 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

The opening must be made two feet each side of the 
main, three feet long and six inches clear under main, 
and be free from water so that the tapper can do his 
work properly. 

All new service pipes of two inches in diameter or 
less shall be of "AA" lead of the following weight: 

}i inches 2$£ pounds per ft. 

H 



1 

2 



3y 2 


" 


II « 


m 


II 


II l 


w 


« 


in II 


7$ 


*.' 


II II 


9 


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II II 



Services larger than two inch must be of "AA" lead 
or double strength galvanized iron. This material must 
be used from the tap all the way into the building to the 
main stop-cock or valve. (A roundeay stop-cock or 
gate valve must be placed on the service at the street 
curb with an extending rod encased in a cast iron curb 
box with cover at the level of the sidewalk pavement.) 

Each new service must be laid in a straight line from 
main to curb-box, and this line must be at right angles 
with the main to which it is connected. From this point 
the direction of the service should be as direct as pos- 
sible as all change of direction retards the pressure. 

Whenever the supply is discontinued and service cut 
off, all abandoned taps or connections shall be drawn 
from water mains and plugs inserted in their stead at 
the expense of the owner of abutting property towards 
which the tap faces. 

All pipe fittings, valves or curb-cocks required to be 
installed under these rules must be of a pattern and 
material approved by the Department of Water Supply, 
Gas and Electricity. 

The use of the Grove Electric Indicator for the loca- 
tion of taps shall be furnished by the Department of 
Water Supply, Gas and Electricity. Upon application 
of a licensed plumber, a charge will be made for each 

79 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

tap — if the indicator is successful — to be paid within 
fifteen days after the bill for services is rendered. 

No street shall be opened for work on service pipes 
or connections, or water mains tapped, or service pipes 
laid without written permission from the Department of 
Water Supply, Gas and Electricity. Only persons 
licensed to perform this class of work will receive such 
permission. The particular person to be employed will 
be named in the permit in each case. 

Licensed plumbers of this city, and employees of the 
Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, are 
the only persons authorized to make connections with 
water mains, or to set or remove meters. 

For services larger than two inch, where double 
strength galvanized iron pipe is installed not less than 
two feet of "AA" lead pipe should be used at the con- 
nection of the service to the main to secure flexibility and 
avoid effects of settling. 

The use of hose inside of buildings for any purpose 
whatever is allowed only where the premises are fully 
metered. 

Hose-bibbs or connections outside of buildings are 
prohibited, except where the premises are fully metered. 

The use of hose outside of buildings is not permitted, 
except where the premises are fully metered and a 
special permit obtained from this department. Permits 
will be issued yearly, free of charge, upon applications, 
for use of hose for sprinkling or washing of sidewalks, 
stoops, areas, house fronts, yards, courtyards or gardens. 

The use of hose in or about any premises that are not 
fully metered is prohibited, except where a special per- 
mit has been issued, for which a charge of five dollars 
a year will be made. 

Permits must be shown on request of police or in- 
spectors of the Department of Water Supply, Gas and 
Electricity. 

80 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 

DEPARTMENTAL OFFICES AND THEIR 
LOCATIONS 

Factory Law 

State Department of Labor, Main Office, Albany, N. Y. 
New York City Office: 124 East Twenty-eighth Street 

Plumber's License 

Examining Board of Plumbers, 
Municipal Building, New York City. 

Plumbing Permits 

Building Departments: 

Manhattan — Municipal Building, 20th Floor. 

Brooklyn — Borough Hall, 4th Floor. 

Queens — Queens Subway Building, 2nd Floor. 

Richmond — Borough Hall. 

Bronx — Tremont and Third Avenues, 1st Floor. 

Water Meter and Service Permits 

Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity : 
Main Office — Municipal Building, 24th Floor. 
Bronx — Tremont and Arthur Avenues. 
Brooklyn — 50 Court Street. 
Queens — Municipal Building, Court Square. 
Richmond — Borough Hall, St. George. 

Tenement House Law 
Tenement House Department — Municipal, 19th Floor. 

Plumbing Laws 

Board of Standards and Appeals 

81 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 



Measures of Weight, Capacity and Area 



Long Measure 

12 Inches = 1 Foot 

3 Feet = 1 Yard 
5y 2 Yards = 1 Rod 

4 Rods = 1 Chain 

10 Chains = 1 Furlong 
8 Furlongs = 1 Mile 



Liquid Measure 

4 Gills = 1 Pint 
2 Pints = 1 Quart 
4 Ouarts = 1 Gallon 
31% Gallons = 1 Barrel 
2 Barrels = 1 Hogshead 



Cubic Measure 

1728 Cubic Inches = 1 Cubic Foot 
27 Cubic Feet = 1 Cubic Yard 
24.75 Cubic Feet = 1 Perch 
128 Cubic Feet = 1 Cord 



Avoirdupois Measure 

16 Ounces = 1 Pound 
100 Pounds = 1 Hundred Weight 
20 Cwt. = 1 Ton 



Square Measure 

144 Square Inches = 1 Square Foot 
9 Square Feet = 1 Square Yard 
30*4 Square Yards = 1 Square Rod 
160 Square Rods = 1 Acre 
640 Acres = 1 Square Mile 



Rule for the Weight of Pipe 

D — Outside diameter of pipe in inches. 

a — Inside diameter. 

w — Weight of a lineal foot of pipe in lbs. 

W== K (D 2 — a 2 ) 
K = 2.45 for cast iron. 
K = 2.64 for wrought iron. 
K = 2.82 for brass. 
K = 3.03 for copper. 
K — 3.86 for lead. 

82 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 



Mensuration of Surfaces and Volumes 

Area of triangle = base x y 2 perpendicular height. 
Circumference of circle = diameter x 3.1416. 
Area of circle = square of diameter x .7854. 
Area of surface of cylinder = circumference x length 
-f- area of two ends. 

To find diameter of circle having given area : Divide 
the area by .7854, and extract the square root. 

To find the volume of a cylinder : Multiply the area 
of the section in square inches by the length of inches = 
the volume in cubic inches. Cubic inches divided by 
1728 = volumes in cubic feet. 

Surface of a sphere = square of diameter x 3.1416. 

Solidity of a sphere = cube of diameter x .5236. 

Area of the base of a pyramid or cone, whether round, 
square or triangular multiplied by one-third of its height 
= the solidity. 

Double the diameter of a pipe increases its capacity 
four times. 

A "miner's inch" of water approximately equals a 
supply of 12 U. S. gallons per minute. 



83 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 



AREA OF CIRCLES 



Diam- 




Diam- 




Diam- 




Diam- 




eter 


Area 


eter 


Area 


eter 


Area 


eter 


Area 


% 


0.0123 


10 


78.54 


30 


706.86 


65 


3318.3 


8 


0.0491 


ioy 2 


86.59 


31 


754.76 


66 


3421.2 


0.1104 


11 


95.03 


32 


804.24 


67 


3525.6 


V2 


0.1963 


1154 


103.86 


33 


855.30 


68 


3631.6 


k 


0.3068 


12 


113.09 


34 


907.92 


69 


3739.2 


i 


0.4418 


uy 2 


122.71 


35 


962.11 


70 


3848.4 


0.6013 


13 


132.73 


36 


1017.8 


71 


3959.2 


i 


0.7854 


13H 


143.13 


37 


1075.2 


72 


4071.5 


VA 


0.9940 


14 


153.93 


38 


1134.1 


73 


4185.4 


VA 


1.227 


uy 2 


165.13 


39 


1194.5 


74 


4300.8 


m 


1.484 


15 


176.71 


40 


1256.6 


75 


4417.8 


1% 


1.767 


1554 


188.69 


41 


1320.2 


76 


4536.4 


i 5 /^ 


2.073 


16 


201.06 


42 


1385.4 


77 


4656.6 


13/4 


2.405 


i6y 2 


213.82 


43 


1452.2 


78 


4778.3 


1?J 


2.761 


17 


226.98 


44 


1520.5 


79 


4901.6 


2 


3.141 


vy 2 


240.52 


45 


1590.4 


80 


5026.5 


254 
2^ 


3.976 


18 


254.46 


46 


1661.9 


81 


5153.0 


4.908 


i8y a 


268.80 


47 


1734.9 


82 


5281.0 


234 


5.939 


19 


283.52 


48 


1809.5 


83 


5410.6 


3 


7.068 


19^ 


298.64 


49 


1885.7 


84 


5541.7 


354 


8.295 


20 


314.16 


50 


1963.5 


85 


5674.5 


3jS 


9.621 


20^ 


330.06 


51 


2042.8 


86 


5808.8 


334 


11.044 


21 


346.36 


52 


2123.7 


87 


5944.6 


4 


12.566 


21^ 


363.05 


53 


2206.1 


88 


6082.1 


4y 3 


15.904 


22 


380.13 


54 


2290.2 


89 


6221.1 


5 


19.635 


22^ 


397.60 


55 


2375.8 


90 


6361.7 


5^ 


23.758 


23 


415.47 


56 


2463.0 


91 


6503.9 


6 


28.274 


2zy 2 


433.73 


57 


2551.7 


92 


6647.6 


ey 2 


33.183 


24 


452.39 


58 


2642.0 


93 


6792.9 


7 


38.484 


24^ 


471.43 


59 


2733.9 


94 


6939.8 


7H 


44.178 


25 


490.87 


60 


2827.4 


95 


7088.2 


8 


50.265 


26 


530.93 


61 


2922.4 


96 


7238.2 


8H 


56.745 


27 


572.55 


62 


3019.0 


97 


7389.8 


9 


63.617 


2$ 


615.75 


63 


3117.2 


98 


7542.9 


9}4 


70.882 


29 


660.52 


64 


3216.9 


99 


7697.7 



To compute the area of a diameter greater than any in the above table: 

RULE— Divide the dimension by 2, 3, 4, etc., if practicable, until it is 
reduced to a quotient to be found in the table, then multiply the tabular 
area of the quotient by the square of the factor. The product will be the 
area required. 

EXAMPLE— What is area of diameter of 150? 150 -r- 5 « 30. Tabular 
area of 30 = 706.86 which x 25 = 17,671.5, area required. 

84 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 



CIRCUMFERENCE OF CIRCLES 



Diam- 


Circum- 


Diam- 


Circum- 


Diam- 


Circum- 


Diam- 


Circum- 


ter 


ference 


eter 


ference 


eter 


ference 


eter 


ference 


H 


.3927 


10 


31.41 


30 


94.24 


65 


204.2 


N 


.7854 


1054 


32.98 


31 


97.38 


66 


207.3 


H 


1.178 


11 


34.55 


32 


100.5 


67 


210.4 


fc 


1.570 


11J4 


36.12 


33 


103.6 


68 


213.6 


H 


1.963 


12 


37.69 


34 


106.8 


69 


216.7 


H 


2.356 


1254 


39.27 


35 


109.9 


70 


219.9 


H 


2.748 


13 


40.84 


36 


113.0 


71 


223.0 


l 


3.141 


1354 


42.41 


37 


116.2 


72 


226.1 


W 


3.534 


14 


43.98 


38 


119.3 


73 


229.3 


M 


3.927 


WA 


45.55 


39 


122.5 


74 


232.4 


W 


4.319 


15 


47.12 


40 


125.6 


75 


235.6 


W 


4.712 


1554 


48.69 


41 


128.8 


76 


238.7 


m 


5.105 


16 


50.26 


42 


131.9 


77 


241.9 


\% 


5.497 


1654 


51.83 


43 


135.0 


78 


245.0 


5.890 


17 


53.40 


44 


138.2 


79 


248.1 


2 


6.283 


vy 2 


54.97 


45 


141.3 


80 


251.3 


254 


7.008 


18 


56.54 


46 


144.5 


81 


254.4 


2J4 


7.854 


1854 


58.11 


47 


147.6 


82 


257.6 


m 


8.639 


19 


59.69 


48 


150.7 


83 


260.7 


3 


9.424 


1954 


61.26 


49 


153.9 


84 


263.8 


3 


10.21 


20 


62.83 


50 


157.0 


85 


267.0 


10.99 


2054 


64.40 


51 


160.2 


86 


270.1 


3K 


11.78 


21 


65.97 


52 


163.3 


87 


273.3 


4 


12.56 


2154 


67.54 


53 


166.5 


88 


276.4 


f 


14.13 


22 


69.11 


54 


169.6 


89 


279.6 


15.70 


2254 


70.68 


55 


172.7 


90 


282.7 


5% 


17.27 


23 


72.25 


56 


175.9 


91 


285.8 


6 


18.84 


2354 


73.82 


57 


179.0 


92 


289.0 


654 


20.42 


24 


75.39 


58 


182.2 


93 


292.1 


7 


21.99 


2454 


76.96 


59 


185.3 


94 


295.3 


7% 


23.56 


25 


78.54 


60 


188.4 


95 


298.4 


8 


25.13 


26 


81.68 


61 


191.6 


96 


301.5 


854 


26.70 


27 


84.82 


62 


194.7 


97 


304.7 


9 


28.27 


28 


87.96 


63 


197.9 


98 


307.8 


954 


29.84 


29 


91.10 


64 


201.0 


99 


310.0 



To compute the circumference of a diameter greater than any in the 
above table: 

RULE— Divide the dimension by 2, 3, 4, etc., if practicable, until it is 
reduced to a diameter to be found in table. Take the tabular circum- 
ference of this diameter, multiply it by 2, 3., 4, etc., according as it was 
divided, and the product will be the circumference required. 

EXAMPLE.— What is the circumference of a diameter of 125. 125 -f- 
5=25. Tabular circumference of 25 = 78.54; 78.54x5 = 392.7, circum- 
erence required. 

85 



Plumbing 


Quest 


ions and A 


n s w e r s 






Miscellaneous Tables 




Feet Head of 


■ Water and Equivalent Pressure 


Feet 


Pounds 


Feet 


Pounds 


Feet 


Pounds 


Head 


Per Sq. In 


i. Head Per Sq. In. 


Head 


Per Sq. In. 


1 


.43 


60 


25.99 


200 


86.62 


2 


.87 


70 


30.32 


225 


97.45 


3 


1.30 


80 


34.65 


250 


108.27 


4 


1.73 


90 


38.98 


275 


119.10 


5 


2.17 


100 


43.31 


300 


129.93 


6 


2.60 


110 


47.64 


325 


140.75 


7 


3.03 


120 


51.97 


350 


151.58 


8 


3.40 


130 


56.30 


400 


173.24 


9 


3.90 


140 


60.63 


500 


216.55 


10 


4.33 


150 


64.96 


600 


259.85 


20 


8.66 


160 


69.29 


700 


303.16 


30 


12.99 


170 


73.63 


800 


346.47 


40 


17.32 


180 


77.96 


900 


389.78 


50 


21.65 


190 


82.29 


1,000 


433.09 


Pressure and 


Equivalent Feet Head of Water 


Pounds Feet 


Pounds 


Feet 


Pounds Feet 


Per Sq. 


In. Head Per Sq.In. Head 


Per Sq.: 


In. Head 


1 


2.31 


40 


92.36 


170 


395.52 


2 


4.62 


50 


115.45 


180 


415.61 


3 


6.93 


60 


138.54 


190 


438.90 


4 


9.24 


70 


161.63 


200 


461.78 


5 


11.54 


80 


184.72 


225 


519.51 


6 


13.85 


90 


207.81 


250 


577.24 


7 


16.16 


100 


230.90 


275 


643.03 


8 


18.47 


110 


253.08 


300 


692.69 


9 


20.78 


120 


277.07 


325 


750.41 


10 


23.09 


125 


288.62 


350 


808.13 


15 


34.63 


130 


300.16 


375 


865.89 


20 


46.18 


140 


323.25 


400 


922.58 


25 


57.72 


150 


346.34 


500 


1154.48 


30 


69.27 


160 


369.43 


1,000 


2308. 



86 



Plumbing Q u e s t i o n s an d Answers 



LOSS BY FRICTION OF WATER PIPES 

This table shows the loss in pounds pressure per 
square inch for each 100 feet in length due to friction 
when discharging the given quantities of water per 
minute. 



SIZES OF PIPES— INSIDE DIAMETER 

SHOWING U. S. GALLONS IN GIVEN NUMBER 
OF CUBIC FEET 



Cubic Feet 


Gallons 


Cubic Feet 


Gallons 


Cubic Feet 


Gallons 


0.1 


0.75 


50 


374.0 


9,000 


67,324.6 


0.2 


1.50 


60 


448.8 


10,000 


74.805.2 


0.3 


2.24 


70 


523.6 


20,000 


149.610.4 


0.4 


2.99 


80 


598.4 


30,000 


224,415.6 


0.5 


3.74 


90 


673.2 


40,000 


299,220.7 


0.6 


4.49 


100 


748.0 


50,000 


374,025.9 


0.7 


5.24 


200 


1,496.1 


60,000 


448,831.1 


0.8 


5.98 


300 


2,244.1 


70,000 


523,636.3 


0.9 


6.73 


400 


2,992.2 


80,000 


598,441.0 


1 


7.48 


500 


3,740.2 


90,000 


673,246.7 


2 


14.9 


600 


4,448.3 


100,000 


748,051.9 


3 


22.3 


700 


5,236.3 


200,000 


1,496,103.8 


4 


29.9 


800 


5,984.4 


300,000 


2,244,155.7 


5 


37.4 


900 


6,732.4 


400,000 


2,992,207.6 


6 


44.9 


1,000 


7,480.0 


500,000 


3,740,259.5 


7 


52.4 


2,000 


14,961.0 


600,000 


4,488,311.4 


8 


59.8 


3,000 


22,441.5 


700,000 


5,236,363.3 


9 


67.3 


4,000 


29,922.0 


800,000 


5,984,415.2 


10 


74.8 


5,000 


37,402.6 


900,000 


6,732,467.1 


20 


149.6 


6,000 


44,883.1 


1,000,000 


7,480,519.0 


30 


224.4 


7,000 


52,363.6 






40 


299.2 


8,000 


59,844.1 











From the above any cubic feet reading may readily be converted in 
U. S. gallons as follows: 

How many gallons are represented by 53,928 cubic feet? 

50,000 cubic feet = 374,025.9 gallons 

3,000 " = 22,441.5 " 

900 " = 6,732.4 " 

20 " = 149.6 " 

8 " = 59.8 " 



53,928 cubic feet = 403,409.2 gallons 

87 



Plumbing Questions and Answers 



TABLE 

GIVING LOSS IN PRESSURE 

DUE TO FRICTION, IN POUNDS, PER SQUARE INCH, FOR PIPE 
100 FEET LONG 

BY G. A. ELLIS, C. E. 



Gallons 


















Discharged 


















per 


H 


1 


VA 


w 


2 


2% 


3 


4 


Minute 


Inch 


Inch 


Inch 


Inch 


Inch 


Inch 


Inch 


Inch 


5 


3.3 


0.84 


0.31 


0.12 








.. . 


10 


13.0 


3.16 


1.05 


0.47 


0.12 




* • • 




15 


28.7 


6.98 


2.38 


0.97 






... 




20 


50.4 


12.3 


4.07 


1.66 


0.42 


. . . 






25 


78.0 


19.0 


6.40 


2.62 




0.21 


0.10 




30 




27.5 


9.15 


3.75 


0.91 








35 






37.0 


12.4 


5.05 










40 






48.0 


16.1 


6.52 


1.60 




. .. 




45 








20.2 


8.15 










50 








24.9 


10.0 


2.44 


0.81 


0.35 


0.09 


75 








56.1 


22.4 


5.32 


1.80 


0.74 




100 










3.90 


9.46 


3.20 


1.31 


0.33 


125 












14.9 


4.89 


1.99 




150 












21.2 


7.0 


2.85 


0.69 


175 












28.1 


9.46 


3.85 




200 












37.5 


12.47 


5.02 


1.22 



TABLE 

GIVING VELOCITY OF FLOW OF WATER 

IN FEET PER MINUTE, THROUGH PIPES OF VARIOUS SIZES, 
FOR VARYING QUANTITIES OF FLOW 



Gallons 

per y A 
Minute Inch 



5 
10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
45 
50 
75 
100 
125 
150 
175 
200 



218 
436 
653 
872 
1090 



1 
Inch 
122*4 
245 
36754 
490 
612J4 
735 
857% 
980 
110254 



Inch 
78% 

157 

235^ 

314 

392% 

451 

549*4 

628 

706% 

785 
1177% 



1% 
Inch 
5454 
109 
16354 
218 
272% 
327 
38154 
436 
49054 
545 
81754 
1090 



2 
Inch 

3054 

61 

91% 
122 
15254 
183 
213*4 
244 
274% 
305 
457*4 
610 
762*4 
915 
1067% 
1220 



2X 
Inch 
19% 
38 
5854 
78 
97*4 
117 
136% 
156 
17554 
195 
292*4 
380 
487% 
585 
682*4 
780 



3 

Inch 

13*4 

27 
40% 

54 

67*4 

81 

94*4 
108 
121*4 
135 
202% 
270 
337*4 
405 
472*4 
540 



4 
Inch 
TV. 

15V. 

23 

30% 

38*/, 

46 

53V, 

61V. 

69 

7&/ M 
115 
153V. 
191V, 
230 
268V. 
306V, 



AMENDMENTS 



AMENDMENTS 



AMENDMENTS 



AMENDMENTS 



Index 



Page No. 
A 

Application, license 1 

Area drain, connection of 24 

Acid wastes 59-60 

Anti-syphon traps 72 

Areas of circles 84 

B 

Bends, lead 17 

Blow-off or drip pipes 30 

C 

Certificate, master-plumbers 2 

Certificate, lost 3 

Commencement of work 10 

Connections, lead, brass, copper, pipe 15 

Cess pools, permitted 21 

Court drain, connection of 24 

Connections, indirect 26 

Cisterns, water closet and urinal 52 

Connections, water supply 77 

Circumference of circles 85 

D 

Departmental offices and locations 81 

Drawings, filing of 4 

Drains, floor 26 

Drain, cellar connection , 26 

Drain, sub soil 26 

Dental cuspidors 44 

Drinking fountains 45 

Drip trays 50 

Drain, size of 26 

E 

Experience, required of master plumbers 1 

Examinations, master plumber 2 

93 



Index 

Page No. 
F 

Fittings, cast iron 13 

Ferrules 15 

Fresh air inlets 32 

Fall required for soil and waste pipes 34 

Fittings, prohibited 34 

Flushometers 50 

G 

Gas piping, weight of 71 

Gas fittings 68 

Gas risers 70 

Gas piping, sizes of 67 

Gas tests 68 

H 

House sewer 13 

House drain 13 

House sewer, use of old 29 

House sewer, earthen ware 29 

House drain, connection of 30 

House drain, support of 30 

House drain, size of 31 

House sewer, size of 31 

House drain, trap 32 

House trap, clean outs 32 

Hose bibbs 80 

Hopper bowls 50 

I 

Indirect, waste connections 26 

j 

Joints, cast iron pipes 14 

L 

Leaders, connections inside 28 

Leaders, connections of 28 

Leader traps 28 

Lines, soil, waste, vent, termination of 33 

Lead safes 46 

Latrines 53 

M 

Metal sign, plumbers 4 

Material and workmanship lj 

94 



Index 

Page No. 

Measures of weight, capacity and area 82 

Mensuration of surfaces and volumes 83 

N 

Nipples, short 15 

O 

Offsets, permitted 35 

Overflow pipe, connection of 57 

Oil separators 63 

Off sets 35 

P 

Plans necessary , 7 

Private sewer 12 

Pipe, brass 15 

Pipe, wrought iron 14 

Pipe, cast iron 14 

Plugs, clean out 17 

Pipe, lead 12 

Piping, exposed 23 

Pipes, supports 21 

Pipe, sizes of 34 

Plunge baths 42 

R 

Re-examination license 2 

Retiring, master plumber 4 

Requirements, master plumbers 1 

Repairs and alterations 8 

Refrigerator wastes 46 

Risers, water supply 55 

Rubber connections 53 

S 

Soil line 33 

Soldering nipples , 17 

Sewer, separate house 19 

Sewer connections 20 

Sewer, private 20 

Soil line, examination of 23 

Steam, exhaust 30 

Soil and waste lines, connection to 34 

Service pipe connections 54 

Sewage lifts 61 

Services, water 78 

Specifications, separate 11 

95 



Index 

Page No. 
T 

Tables, miscellaneous 86 

Tenement house repairs 9 

Traps, lead 18 

Traps, form of 39 

Traps, prohibited 39 

Traps, fixture 39 

Traps, size of 42 

Tanks, flush, size of 54 

Tanks, house 57 

Tests, water 65 

Tests, smoke, peppermint 66 

Traps, anti-syphon 72 

Taps for water supply 77 

U 

Useful information 83 

V 

Vent pipes 35 

Vacuum cleaners, connections of 27 

Venting traps 35 

Vent lines 35 

Vent branches 36 

Venting yoke 36 

Vent pipes, sizes of 36 

Vent line, termination of 33 

Velocity of flow of water 88 

W 

Waste line 33 

Water closet accommodations 48 

Water closet, apartments 49 

Water closet seat, support of 52 

Water closet bowls 49 

Wash tubs, wooden, cement 54 

Water supply, branches 50 

Water closet, bowls prohibited 50 

Water supply, definitions of 76 

Waste line, termination of 33 

Water — loss and pressure 88 

Water — f rictional loss 87 

Y 

Yard drains, connection of 24 

Yoke venting 36 

96 



Deacidified using the Bookkeeper process. 
Neutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide 
Treatment Date: May 2004 

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